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目的探讨南阳市住院新生儿疾病对其进行流行病学调查,为住院新生儿疾病预防和治疗提供参考。方法选取2013年南阳市住院新生儿5 385例病例资料进行回顾性调查分析,同时选取2010年南阳市住院新生儿1 122例病例资料进行对照。分析住院新生儿疾病的发生率、转归和死亡率,观察足月儿和早产儿疾病的构成比,分析不同胎龄与并发症之间的关系。结果住院新生儿发生率排在前10位的疾病分别为高胆红素血症、肺炎、早产、脓毒症、先心病、窒息、血液系统疾病、颅内出血、呼吸窘迫综合征、湿肺。2013年部分疾病发病率较2010年的发病率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。足月儿高胆红素血症、肺炎、先心病、窒息、脐炎以及湿肺的发病率高于早产儿;早产儿的颅内出血、肺出血、呼吸暂停、呼吸窘迫综合征、缺氧缺血性脑病、脑损伤的发病率高于足月儿。2013年与2010年足月儿与早产儿在部分疾病的发生率中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。胎龄较低(26~32周)的早产儿并发症发生率高于胎龄较高(33~36周)的早产儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2013年住院新生儿足月儿疾病治愈率(62.0%)高于早产儿(45.0%);足月儿死亡率(1.8%)低于早产儿(4.5%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论新生儿疾病的患病率呈逐年上升的趋势,且早产儿并发症发生率较高,同时早产儿疾病治疗效果并不理想,因此临床上需要给予早产儿高度的重视。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological investigation of hospitalized neonatal diseases in Nanyang and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of neonatal diseases in hospital. Methods The data of 5 385 newborns admitted to hospital in Nanyang City in 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. At the same time, 1 122 cases of newborns in hospital in Nanyang were selected for comparison. Analysis of hospitalized neonatal morbidity, outcome and mortality, observed full-term infants and premature infants, the ratio of disease, analysis of different gestational age and the relationship between complications. Results The highest incidence of in-hospital newborns was hyperbilirubinemia, pneumonia, prematurity, sepsis, congenital heart disease, asphyxia, blood diseases, intracranial hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome and wet lung. The incidence of some diseases in 2013 showed an upward trend compared with the incidence in 2010, with a significant difference (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Full-term children with hyperbilirubinemia, pneumonia, congenital heart disease, asphyxia, omphalitis and the incidence of wet lungs than premature children; premature children intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome, lack of oxygen Hemorrhagic encephalopathy, the incidence of brain injury than full-term children. There was a significant difference in the incidence of some diseases between full-term and pre-term children in 2013 and 2010 (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The incidence of complications in preterm infants with low gestational age (26-32 weeks) was significantly higher than that in preterm infants with gestational age (33-36 weeks) (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The prevalence of term infants in hospitalized newborns in 2013 was 62.0% higher than that of premature infants (45.0%), the full-term infant mortality rate (1.8%) was lower than that of preterm infants (4.5%), both of which were statistically significant P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of neonatal diseases is increasing year by year, and the incidence of complications in premature children is high. At the same time, the treatment effect of premature infants is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to pay high attention to premature infants in clinic.