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[摘要] 目的 探討动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者应用瑞舒伐他汀(RSV)2周及3个月降脂幅度及降脂达标率,研究最佳治疗方案,并观察安全性。 方法 选择2015年2月~2016年4月入住我院307例患者,按数字表法随机分为RSV 10 mg组和20 mg组,治疗2周和治疗3个月后进行监测总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)下降水平,及肝肾功能、心肌酶谱的变化,观察药物副反应。 结果 两组患者基线水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RSV 10 mg组和RSV 20 mg组治疗2周后与基线比较,TC降低幅度均值达23.1%、29.8%(χ2=2.987,P=0.003),LDL-C降低幅度均值达29.4%、37.8%(χ2=12.105,P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为5.3%、19.2%(χ2=13.733,P<0.001),说明两组间治疗2周后TC、LDL-C降脂幅度、及LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义。两组治疗3个月后再与基线比较,TC降低幅度均值达33.4%、45.1%(χ2=8.353,P<0.001),LDL-C降低幅度均值达46.5%、54.8%(χ2=10.222,P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为49.7%、70.5%(χ2=13.921,P<0.001),说明两组间治疗3个月后TC、LDL-C降脂幅度、及LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义。 结论 我国ASCVD患者RSV 20 mg qd治疗2周及3个月后,降脂幅度、达标率明显高于RSV 10 mg qd,并且比较安全。
[关键词] 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病;瑞舒伐他汀;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;达标率
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)10-0035-04
Effect of rosuvastatin on lipid-regulating ability of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
KE Boxi1 LU Rong2
1.Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China; 2.Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the lipid-lowering range,lipid-lowering standard-reaching rate after application of rosuvastatin(RSV) for 2 weeks and 3 months in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) patients, and to study the best treatment regimen and observe the safety. Methods 307 patients admitted in our hospital from February 2015 to April 2016 were chosen and randomly divided into RSV 10 mg group and RSV 20 mg group.After treatment for 2 weeks and 3 months total cholesterol(TC), decrease levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and the changes of liver,kidney function,and myocardial enzymes were monitored.And drug side effects were observed. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline level between the two groups(P>0.05). Compared with baseline, the mean reduction range of TC in the RSV10mg group and RSV 20 mg group after 2 weeks of treatment was 23.1% and 29.8% ,respectively, (χ2=2.987,P=0.003). The reduction range of LDL-C in the RSV10mg group and RSV 20 mg group was 29.4% and 37.8%(χ2=12.105, P<0.001), with the standard-reaching rate of 5.3%、19.2%(χ2=13.733,P<0.001), indicating that there was significant difference in TC, LDL-C lipid-lowering range and LDL-C standard-reaching rate between the two groups after the treatment for 2 weeks. Compared with baseline,the mean reduction range of TC in the RSV10 mg group and RSV 20mg group after 3 months of treatment was 33.4% and 45.1%(χ2=8.353, P<0.001). The reduction range of LDL-C in the two groups was 46.5% and 54.8%(χ2=10.222, P<0.001). And the standard-reaching rate of LDL-C in the two groups was 49.7%,70.5%(χ2=13.921, P<0.001), indicating that there was significant difference in TC, LDL-C lipid-lowering range and LDL-C standard-reaching rate between the two groups after the treatment for 3 months. Conclusion The range of lipid-lowering and standard-reaching rate of ASCVD patients after the treatment of RSV 20 mg qd for 2 weeks and 3 months were significantly higher than those after the treatment of RSV 10 mg qd for 2 weeks and 3 months, and the former treatment was safe. [Key words] Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Rosuvastatin; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Standard-reaching rate
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD):新增加了缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA),其他包括急性冠状动脉综合征、稳定性冠心病、血运重建术后、缺血性心肌病、外周动脉粥样硬化病(peripheral atherosclerotic disease,PAD)等[1]。ASCVD的发病率和死亡率逐年增多,已成为全世界死亡的第一位,急需减少ASCVD的发生风险[2]。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)是发生动脉粥样硬化的最重要因素,与ASCVD发生显著相关[3]。瑞舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin,RSV)是降低ASCVD的首选药物之一。《2016中国成人血脂异常防治指南》把诊断为ASCVD归为极高危人群,要求他汀治疗3个月后,使LDL-C基线值下降50%,或者降至1.8 mmol/L以下[3],本研究以此为目标探讨不同剂量RSV的LDL-C达标率,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2015年2月~2016年4月入住我院307例诊断为ASCVD患者,年龄45~80岁,依据ASCVD诊断标准[4]。排除标准:①2周内经他汀治疗;②严重脏器功能不全;③肿瘤或全身免疫性疾病;④生命体征不稳定;⑤有肝病、肌病等病史;⑥拒绝参与实验;⑦首次LDL-C<2.6 mmol/L;⑧有药物过敏史。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有治疗获得患者或其家属知情同意。按数字表法随机分为2组:RSV 10 mg组151例和RSV 20 mg组156例。
1.2 方法
给予RSV 10 mg qd和20 mg qd(可定片,阿斯利康制药公司,生产批号1412122)。入组后立即服用,每日一次,连续口服3个月以上。其他药物:给予抗血小板聚集及调控血压、血糖等治疗,辅助药物各组无明显差异。
1.3 观察指标
研究两组治疗2周、3个月的TC、LDL-C下降幅度及降脂LDL-C达标率,观察药物副反应如肝肾功能、心肌酶的变化。详细记录临床基线资料,见表1。
1.4 统计学分析
采用统计SPSS23.0软件,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验及方差分析,计数资料组间比较采用χ2分析,按P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组基线资料比较
两组患者除年龄外,在性别、年龄、烟酒史及高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病、脑梗死、TIA、PAD、血脂基线水平等基础疾病上的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.2 两组治疗后调脂比较
RSV10 mg组和RSV 20 mg组治疗2周后与基线比较,TC降低幅度均值达23.1%、29.8%(χ2=3.987,P=0.003),LDL-C降低幅度均值达29.4%、37.8%(χ2 =12.105,P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为5.3%、19.2%(χ2=13.733,P<0.001),表示两组间治疗2周后TC、LDL-C降脂幅度及LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义。两组治疗3个月后再与基线比较,TC降低幅度均值达33.4%、45.1%(χ2=8.353,P<0.001),LDL-C降低幅度均值达46.5%、54.8%(χ2=10.222,P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为49.7%、70.5%(χ2=13.921,P<0.001),表示两组间治疗3个月后TC、LDL-C降脂幅度及LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义。故可以认為RSV 20 mg组降脂幅度、达标率明显高于RSV 10 mg组。见表2。
2.3 两组副反应比较
治疗3个月后,RSV 20 mg组出现4例轻度转氨酶升高(正常2倍内),1例轻度肾功能异常,RSV10 mg组发现3例轻度转氨酶升高(正常1倍内),两组无需停用、减量,2~4周后恢复正常范围。两组心肌酶谱无变化。
3 讨论
动脉多血管床病变和脑梗死等关系密切[5],Saam T等研究认为中国人群斑块具有纤维帽薄、富含脂质的坏死核心体积大的特点[6],更容易破裂风险,LDL-C和斑块密切相关导致ASCVD事件发生已被证实。而他汀具有全面调节血脂和抗炎作用[7],其中RSV是国内外公认的降低LDL-C强效的药物之一,但大量的证据来自于国外,国内的他汀剂量-效应关系缺乏大样本研究。本研究比较不同剂量RSV对ASCVD患者治疗2周(短期)和3个月(中期)的调脂能力,研究最适合国人的他汀剂量。
研究他汀逆转斑块不得不提REVERSAL研究[8],是最早应用血管内超声的研究。该研究比较18个月的普伐他汀40 mg/d或阿托伐他汀80 mg/d治疗502例冠心病患者的动脉粥样硬化斑块总体积变化,结果显示强化他汀治疗LDL-C降低至1.8 mmol/L可以阻止冠状动脉斑块的进展,奠定了他汀治疗ASCVD的基石。ASTEROID研究比较RSV 40 mg/d治疗507例患者冠脉斑块的变化,证实24个月的强化RSV治疗可以显著减少冠脉管腔直径狭窄百分比,可以逆转斑块[9]。Nicholls研究[10]比较RSV 40 mg/d或阿托伐他汀80 mg/d治疗104周后1385例患者冠脉斑块的变化,RSV 40 mg/d较阿托伐他汀80 mg/d能更显著的降低LDL-C水平。R?覿ber研究[11]比较RSV 40 mg/d治疗13个月后的103例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的非梗死相关动脉的斑块变化,也显示强化他汀治疗降低LDL-C至1.8 mmol/L可以逆转冠脉斑块。以上研究为欧美人群他汀疗效对比,因种族差异,RSV 2013年英文说明书指出,40 mg/d禁用于亚裔人群。关于亚裔人群研究,ARTMAP研究比较常规剂量阿托伐他汀20 mg/d或RSV10 mg/d治疗6月对350例韩国人群轻度冠脉动脉粥样硬化患者斑块体积的影响,结果显示两种药物治疗均显著降低LDL-C[12]。Lawitz[13]研究比较RSV 16.9 mg/d治疗76周对日本人群214例稳定型冠心病患者斑块的变化。结果显示动脉粥样硬化斑块总体积中位数降低了6.5%,并实现斑块逆转。脑梗死也能获益,血脂中尤其是LDL-C高是脑梗死的高危因素[14],Tsivgoulis等[15]研究指出在卒中之前使用他汀与良好预后独立相关,为他汀在脑梗死的获益增加新的证据[15]。Takayama T认为无论是高剂量和低剂量RSV均增加斑块的稳定性,高剂量比低剂量RSV逆转斑块更有效[16]。上述几项著名研究,肯定了RSV等强效他汀的疗效,但均是国外的研究,治疗半年以上(长期)降低LDL-C的对比观察。本研究纳入了307例中国汉族ASCVD患者,研究对比RSV 10 mg qd和20 mg qd两组的短期、中期的疗效,结果显示RSV 10 mg组和RSV 20 mg组治疗2周后,TC降低幅度、LDL-C降低幅度、LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,两组各项指标差异更显著(P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为49.7% vs 70.5%。表明RSV 20 mg组较RSV 10 mg组有更显著降脂幅度,LDL-C达标率高。副作用少,降脂是相对安全的。 他汀还具有抗炎、抗氧化、改善内皮细胞功能的作用[17],特别是抗炎作用成为新热点,Doug Weeks等[18]研究认为他汀还可以使感染风险下降58%。Panes O等[19]认为RSV多效性,可以调节血小板全血组织因子促凝活性,成为防治动脉粥样硬化的新目标。Kata D等[20]认为RSV具有小胶质细胞的抗炎作用,可治疗相关的神经系统疾病。
综上所述,他汀应用广泛,我国ASCVD患者应用RSV 20 mg/d,早期启动并持续3个月,能获得好的降脂幅度,取得更高LDL-C达标率,耐受性良好。终点事件也在观察随访中,然而本研究也存在单中心研究、样本量不够大等不足,需要进一步临床证实。
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(收稿日期:2017-02-14)
[关键词] 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病;瑞舒伐他汀;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;达标率
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)10-0035-04
Effect of rosuvastatin on lipid-regulating ability of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
KE Boxi1 LU Rong2
1.Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China; 2.Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Taizhou 318000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the lipid-lowering range,lipid-lowering standard-reaching rate after application of rosuvastatin(RSV) for 2 weeks and 3 months in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) patients, and to study the best treatment regimen and observe the safety. Methods 307 patients admitted in our hospital from February 2015 to April 2016 were chosen and randomly divided into RSV 10 mg group and RSV 20 mg group.After treatment for 2 weeks and 3 months total cholesterol(TC), decrease levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and the changes of liver,kidney function,and myocardial enzymes were monitored.And drug side effects were observed. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline level between the two groups(P>0.05). Compared with baseline, the mean reduction range of TC in the RSV10mg group and RSV 20 mg group after 2 weeks of treatment was 23.1% and 29.8% ,respectively, (χ2=2.987,P=0.003). The reduction range of LDL-C in the RSV10mg group and RSV 20 mg group was 29.4% and 37.8%(χ2=12.105, P<0.001), with the standard-reaching rate of 5.3%、19.2%(χ2=13.733,P<0.001), indicating that there was significant difference in TC, LDL-C lipid-lowering range and LDL-C standard-reaching rate between the two groups after the treatment for 2 weeks. Compared with baseline,the mean reduction range of TC in the RSV10 mg group and RSV 20mg group after 3 months of treatment was 33.4% and 45.1%(χ2=8.353, P<0.001). The reduction range of LDL-C in the two groups was 46.5% and 54.8%(χ2=10.222, P<0.001). And the standard-reaching rate of LDL-C in the two groups was 49.7%,70.5%(χ2=13.921, P<0.001), indicating that there was significant difference in TC, LDL-C lipid-lowering range and LDL-C standard-reaching rate between the two groups after the treatment for 3 months. Conclusion The range of lipid-lowering and standard-reaching rate of ASCVD patients after the treatment of RSV 20 mg qd for 2 weeks and 3 months were significantly higher than those after the treatment of RSV 10 mg qd for 2 weeks and 3 months, and the former treatment was safe. [Key words] Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Rosuvastatin; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Standard-reaching rate
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD):新增加了缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA),其他包括急性冠状动脉综合征、稳定性冠心病、血运重建术后、缺血性心肌病、外周动脉粥样硬化病(peripheral atherosclerotic disease,PAD)等[1]。ASCVD的发病率和死亡率逐年增多,已成为全世界死亡的第一位,急需减少ASCVD的发生风险[2]。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)是发生动脉粥样硬化的最重要因素,与ASCVD发生显著相关[3]。瑞舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin,RSV)是降低ASCVD的首选药物之一。《2016中国成人血脂异常防治指南》把诊断为ASCVD归为极高危人群,要求他汀治疗3个月后,使LDL-C基线值下降50%,或者降至1.8 mmol/L以下[3],本研究以此为目标探讨不同剂量RSV的LDL-C达标率,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2015年2月~2016年4月入住我院307例诊断为ASCVD患者,年龄45~80岁,依据ASCVD诊断标准[4]。排除标准:①2周内经他汀治疗;②严重脏器功能不全;③肿瘤或全身免疫性疾病;④生命体征不稳定;⑤有肝病、肌病等病史;⑥拒绝参与实验;⑦首次LDL-C<2.6 mmol/L;⑧有药物过敏史。本研究经医院医学伦理委员会批准,所有治疗获得患者或其家属知情同意。按数字表法随机分为2组:RSV 10 mg组151例和RSV 20 mg组156例。
1.2 方法
给予RSV 10 mg qd和20 mg qd(可定片,阿斯利康制药公司,生产批号1412122)。入组后立即服用,每日一次,连续口服3个月以上。其他药物:给予抗血小板聚集及调控血压、血糖等治疗,辅助药物各组无明显差异。
1.3 观察指标
研究两组治疗2周、3个月的TC、LDL-C下降幅度及降脂LDL-C达标率,观察药物副反应如肝肾功能、心肌酶的变化。详细记录临床基线资料,见表1。
1.4 统计学分析
采用统计SPSS23.0软件,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验及方差分析,计数资料组间比较采用χ2分析,按P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组基线资料比较
两组患者除年龄外,在性别、年龄、烟酒史及高血压史、糖尿病史、冠心病、脑梗死、TIA、PAD、血脂基线水平等基础疾病上的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.2 两组治疗后调脂比较
RSV10 mg组和RSV 20 mg组治疗2周后与基线比较,TC降低幅度均值达23.1%、29.8%(χ2=3.987,P=0.003),LDL-C降低幅度均值达29.4%、37.8%(χ2 =12.105,P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为5.3%、19.2%(χ2=13.733,P<0.001),表示两组间治疗2周后TC、LDL-C降脂幅度及LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义。两组治疗3个月后再与基线比较,TC降低幅度均值达33.4%、45.1%(χ2=8.353,P<0.001),LDL-C降低幅度均值达46.5%、54.8%(χ2=10.222,P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为49.7%、70.5%(χ2=13.921,P<0.001),表示两组间治疗3个月后TC、LDL-C降脂幅度及LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义。故可以认為RSV 20 mg组降脂幅度、达标率明显高于RSV 10 mg组。见表2。
2.3 两组副反应比较
治疗3个月后,RSV 20 mg组出现4例轻度转氨酶升高(正常2倍内),1例轻度肾功能异常,RSV10 mg组发现3例轻度转氨酶升高(正常1倍内),两组无需停用、减量,2~4周后恢复正常范围。两组心肌酶谱无变化。
3 讨论
动脉多血管床病变和脑梗死等关系密切[5],Saam T等研究认为中国人群斑块具有纤维帽薄、富含脂质的坏死核心体积大的特点[6],更容易破裂风险,LDL-C和斑块密切相关导致ASCVD事件发生已被证实。而他汀具有全面调节血脂和抗炎作用[7],其中RSV是国内外公认的降低LDL-C强效的药物之一,但大量的证据来自于国外,国内的他汀剂量-效应关系缺乏大样本研究。本研究比较不同剂量RSV对ASCVD患者治疗2周(短期)和3个月(中期)的调脂能力,研究最适合国人的他汀剂量。
研究他汀逆转斑块不得不提REVERSAL研究[8],是最早应用血管内超声的研究。该研究比较18个月的普伐他汀40 mg/d或阿托伐他汀80 mg/d治疗502例冠心病患者的动脉粥样硬化斑块总体积变化,结果显示强化他汀治疗LDL-C降低至1.8 mmol/L可以阻止冠状动脉斑块的进展,奠定了他汀治疗ASCVD的基石。ASTEROID研究比较RSV 40 mg/d治疗507例患者冠脉斑块的变化,证实24个月的强化RSV治疗可以显著减少冠脉管腔直径狭窄百分比,可以逆转斑块[9]。Nicholls研究[10]比较RSV 40 mg/d或阿托伐他汀80 mg/d治疗104周后1385例患者冠脉斑块的变化,RSV 40 mg/d较阿托伐他汀80 mg/d能更显著的降低LDL-C水平。R?覿ber研究[11]比较RSV 40 mg/d治疗13个月后的103例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的非梗死相关动脉的斑块变化,也显示强化他汀治疗降低LDL-C至1.8 mmol/L可以逆转冠脉斑块。以上研究为欧美人群他汀疗效对比,因种族差异,RSV 2013年英文说明书指出,40 mg/d禁用于亚裔人群。关于亚裔人群研究,ARTMAP研究比较常规剂量阿托伐他汀20 mg/d或RSV10 mg/d治疗6月对350例韩国人群轻度冠脉动脉粥样硬化患者斑块体积的影响,结果显示两种药物治疗均显著降低LDL-C[12]。Lawitz[13]研究比较RSV 16.9 mg/d治疗76周对日本人群214例稳定型冠心病患者斑块的变化。结果显示动脉粥样硬化斑块总体积中位数降低了6.5%,并实现斑块逆转。脑梗死也能获益,血脂中尤其是LDL-C高是脑梗死的高危因素[14],Tsivgoulis等[15]研究指出在卒中之前使用他汀与良好预后独立相关,为他汀在脑梗死的获益增加新的证据[15]。Takayama T认为无论是高剂量和低剂量RSV均增加斑块的稳定性,高剂量比低剂量RSV逆转斑块更有效[16]。上述几项著名研究,肯定了RSV等强效他汀的疗效,但均是国外的研究,治疗半年以上(长期)降低LDL-C的对比观察。本研究纳入了307例中国汉族ASCVD患者,研究对比RSV 10 mg qd和20 mg qd两组的短期、中期的疗效,结果显示RSV 10 mg组和RSV 20 mg组治疗2周后,TC降低幅度、LDL-C降低幅度、LDL-C达标率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,两组各项指标差异更显著(P<0.001),LDL-C达标率为49.7% vs 70.5%。表明RSV 20 mg组较RSV 10 mg组有更显著降脂幅度,LDL-C达标率高。副作用少,降脂是相对安全的。 他汀还具有抗炎、抗氧化、改善内皮细胞功能的作用[17],特别是抗炎作用成为新热点,Doug Weeks等[18]研究认为他汀还可以使感染风险下降58%。Panes O等[19]认为RSV多效性,可以调节血小板全血组织因子促凝活性,成为防治动脉粥样硬化的新目标。Kata D等[20]认为RSV具有小胶质细胞的抗炎作用,可治疗相关的神经系统疾病。
综上所述,他汀应用广泛,我国ASCVD患者应用RSV 20 mg/d,早期启动并持续3个月,能获得好的降脂幅度,取得更高LDL-C达标率,耐受性良好。终点事件也在观察随访中,然而本研究也存在单中心研究、样本量不够大等不足,需要进一步临床证实。
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(收稿日期:2017-02-14)