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T细胞抗原受体(T ceIl receptor,TCR)是T细胞表面关键的受体分子。TCR特异性地识别各种多肽抗原并通过胞内区ITAM磷酸化传递抗原刺激信号,进而引发T细胞的免疫效应。TCR的活性异常将会导致自身免疫病和免疫缺陷病的发生。对于TCR结构和功能的深入研究有助于我们更好地理解免疫反应的分子机理,从而为相关免疫疾病的预防和治疗提供重要的理论依据。该文对TCR的分类、基因重排机制、受体组装方式及其结构基础、TCR对抗原的识别以及活化机制等方面的研究成果进行了总结,综述了近几年来的最新研究进展。
T cell receptor (TCR) is a key receptor molecule on T cell surface. TCR specifically recognizes various polypeptide antigens and transmits the signal of antigen stimulation through intracellular ITAM phosphorylation, which in turn triggers T cell immune effect. Abnormal activity of TCR will lead to the occurrence of autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency diseases. In-depth study of the structure and function of TCR will help us better understand the molecular mechanism of immune response and provide important theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related immune diseases. This paper summarizes the research results of TCR classification, gene rearrangement mechanism, receptor assembly method and its structural basis, TCR antigen recognition and activation mechanism, and reviews the latest research progress in recent years.