临床可疑支原作感染的364例患儿进行MP－PCR检测，结果26例阳性。MP－PCR阳性患儿咳嗽、发热天数和X线胸片上均较MP－PCR阴性患儿有较显著差异。有哮喘史的患儿易患肺炎支原体感染，易引起其它系统的并发症。 364 cases of clinical suspicious primary infection were detected by MP-PCR, the results of 26 cases were positive. MP-PCR-positive children cough, days of fever and X-ray on MP-PCR-negative children were more significant differences. Children with a history of asthma are susceptible to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and can easily cause other systemic complications.