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请看下面一道高考题：
Animals suffered at the hands of Man__________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. （2008 江西卷）
A. in whichB. for which
C. so thatD. in that
解析：本题考查连词的用法。句意为：“动物遭受着来自人类的折磨，因为人们毁灭它们以开垦更多的耕地来养活更多的人口。” in that为习语，相当于because ，表示“因为；原因是”，引导原因状语从句。答案为D。
在学习过程中，经常遇到此类表示“原因是；因为”的词汇，其中包括连词、介词（短语）或习语等。通过梳理这些词汇，能够使语言知识更加系统，对考点的把握更加明确；同时，正确地运用这些词汇，能够使书面表达富有逻辑性，有利于提升写作的档次。下面笔者结合经典高考题或典型习题把这些词汇及其用法作一总结，供考生备考使用。
一、连词because, as, for, since
1．because为从属连词，它着重于直接明白地说明原因和理由，通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的。例如：
—Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to__________I’ll see him tomorrow. （2008 北京卷）
A. thoughB. unless
C. whenD. because
解析：此题考查连词的用法。由句意：“因为我明天就要见到Fred，所以没有必要给他回电话。”可知，用because 引导原因状语从句。答案为D。
2. as语气最弱，多用于口语中。as 所引导的从句只是附带说明较明显的原因或理由，表意重点在主句。例如：
Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,__________this was a memory she especially treasured. （2006 广东B卷）
A. asB. ifC. when D. where
解析：此题考查连词的用法。句意为：“珍妮为她丢失的在加拿大拍摄的照片而非常难过，因为那是她特别珍藏的一段记忆。”可见，主句与从句是一种因果关系，故选A。
3. for为并列连词，它所引导的句子只能位于句子后面。for表达的语气比because弱，具有推测性或用于对前面的句子加以解释。例如：
He found it increasingly difficult to read,__________his eyesight was beginning to fail. （2008 山东卷）
A. thoughB. forC. butD. so
解析：本题考查句子的逻辑关系。由语境可知，后一个分句“视力开始下降”是前一个分句“读书越来越困难”的原因，所以for 表示原因。故选B。
4. since的语气比because弱，比as强，多指人们已知的事实，意为“既然”，引导的从句常放在句首。例如：
__________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. ForB. Since
C. BeforeD. While
解析： 本题考查连词的用法。句意为：“既然你明天动身，今晚我们可以一起吃顿饭。”空白处应为表示原因的连词，所以排除C, D项。虽然for 和since 都可以表示原因，但since 所陈述的理由是彼此已知道的事，通常出现在句首，而for 引导的句子不放在句首，而用逗号与前面主句分开。故答案为D。
注意：1） because, since 不可与so 连用。
2） 在含because 的句子中，全句强调的重点在原因上，而不在主句表示的结果上。因此，回答why 提出的问题，只能用because。同样，在强调句型中只能用because 从句，不能用since, as 等。
3） because 与否定词连用时可能有两种不同的含义。not 有时否定主句的谓语动词，有时否定because，此时，其前面没有逗号。例如：
—I see, you work yourself so hard every day, John, why?
—Yes, really I do. But I don’t do it__________ I like it. I just have to, in fact.
A. becauseB. unless
C. thoughD. or
解析：本题考查连词的用法。句意为：“约翰，你天天如此拼命地工作是为什么？”“是的，我这样拼命地干不是因为我喜欢。而我是被逼无奈的。”因此，应该用because 来引导原因状语从句，此时not 否定because。
二、介词短语because of, due to, on account of, owing to及thanks to
1. because of为普通用语，使用范围最广，一般作状语，而不作表语。例如：
The open-air celebration has been put off__________the bad weather. （2007 浙江卷）
A. in case ofB. in spite of
C. instead ofD. because of
解析：本题考查介词短语的用法。句意为：“因为天气不好，露天庆祝活动被推迟了。” in case of “以防万一”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“相反”；because of“因为”。故答案为D。
注意：若主语指某一个事实，而不是一个名词时，because of 也可以用作表语。例如：
She has dropped out of school; that was because of her poor health. 她辍学了，那是因为她健康不佳。
2. due to 和owing to 二者都略显正式，并经常用于正式的通告或公开声明。due to 在传统英语中只作表语，但是现在用作状语已为人们所接受，相当于owing to。例如：
All flights into London have been delayed due to / owing to the thick fog. 所有飞往伦敦机场的航班均因大雾而延误。
3. on account of 的用法与because of 大致相同。
4. thanks to只作状语，不作表语，意为“幸亏；由于”。例如：
Thanks to the wise leadership of our Party, we have achieved great success during the past thirty years. 多亏了党的英明领导，我们在过去30年里取得了巨大的成功。
三、其他常见介词短语，如in view of （考虑到；由于），by reason of （因为；由于），on the grounds of （因为；由于）， on the grounds that ... （that 引导同位语从句） 例如：
In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。
He was found innocent by reason of insanity. 他因精神失常而被判无罪。
I had to retire on the grounds of ill health. 我因健康的缘故不得已退休了。
The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence. 此案因缺乏足够证据而被驳回。
四、连词seeing (that) , now (that), considering (that), given that及in that
这几个连词同since, as 意义相近，都有“鉴于；考虑到；原因是”的意思。例如：
We could have a joint party, seeing that your birthday is the same day as mine. 既然你和我的生日在同一天，我们可以一起开个生日聚会。
Now that you’re here, why not have a drink. 既然你来了，就喝一杯吧。
Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 既然她喜欢孩子，我相信教书是最适合她的职业。
巩固练习：
1. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses__________eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.（2004 上海卷）
A. becauseB. though
C. unlessD. if
2. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process,__________it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. (2005江苏卷)
A. untilB. but
C. unlessD. for
3. A man cannot smile like a child,__________a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006 湖南卷)
A. soB. butC. andD. for
4.__________being late for the conference, the secretary was dismissed from the company.
A. In reference toB. As for
C. In case ofD. On account of
5. Qingdao is among the most important cities in Shandong__________its location and economy.
A. in view ofB. in honor of
C. in favor ofD. in case of
6.__________the enormous flow of food from entire globe, these countries have not felt any population pressure for many years.
A. Thanks toB. By means of
C. In line withD. With regard to
7. These two areas are similar__________they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except thatB. in that
C. for thatD. due to
8. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life,with a lot of traveling__________heavy schedules.
A. with regard toB. as to
C. in relation toD. owing to
9. During an earthquake, the great part of the damage and loss of life has been__________collapse of buildings and the effect of floods, fire, diseases, and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves.
A. due toB. owing to
C. by reason ofD. on account of
10.__________you’re present here, perhaps you wouldn’t mind answering me some actual questions.
A. Even ifB. If only
C. Now thatD. In case
Keys: 1-5 ADDDA 6-10 ABDAC ☆
Animals suffered at the hands of Man__________ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. （2008 江西卷）
A. in whichB. for which
C. so thatD. in that
解析：本题考查连词的用法。句意为：“动物遭受着来自人类的折磨，因为人们毁灭它们以开垦更多的耕地来养活更多的人口。” in that为习语，相当于because ，表示“因为；原因是”，引导原因状语从句。答案为D。
在学习过程中，经常遇到此类表示“原因是；因为”的词汇，其中包括连词、介词（短语）或习语等。通过梳理这些词汇，能够使语言知识更加系统，对考点的把握更加明确；同时，正确地运用这些词汇，能够使书面表达富有逻辑性，有利于提升写作的档次。下面笔者结合经典高考题或典型习题把这些词汇及其用法作一总结，供考生备考使用。
一、连词because, as, for, since
1．because为从属连词，它着重于直接明白地说明原因和理由，通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的。例如：
—Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to__________I’ll see him tomorrow. （2008 北京卷）
A. thoughB. unless
C. whenD. because
解析：此题考查连词的用法。由句意：“因为我明天就要见到Fred，所以没有必要给他回电话。”可知，用because 引导原因状语从句。答案为D。
2. as语气最弱，多用于口语中。as 所引导的从句只是附带说明较明显的原因或理由，表意重点在主句。例如：
Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,__________this was a memory she especially treasured. （2006 广东B卷）
A. asB. ifC. when D. where
解析：此题考查连词的用法。句意为：“珍妮为她丢失的在加拿大拍摄的照片而非常难过，因为那是她特别珍藏的一段记忆。”可见，主句与从句是一种因果关系，故选A。
3. for为并列连词，它所引导的句子只能位于句子后面。for表达的语气比because弱，具有推测性或用于对前面的句子加以解释。例如：
He found it increasingly difficult to read,__________his eyesight was beginning to fail. （2008 山东卷）
A. thoughB. forC. butD. so
解析：本题考查句子的逻辑关系。由语境可知，后一个分句“视力开始下降”是前一个分句“读书越来越困难”的原因，所以for 表示原因。故选B。
4. since的语气比because弱，比as强，多指人们已知的事实，意为“既然”，引导的从句常放在句首。例如：
__________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. ForB. Since
C. BeforeD. While
解析： 本题考查连词的用法。句意为：“既然你明天动身，今晚我们可以一起吃顿饭。”空白处应为表示原因的连词，所以排除C, D项。虽然for 和since 都可以表示原因，但since 所陈述的理由是彼此已知道的事，通常出现在句首，而for 引导的句子不放在句首，而用逗号与前面主句分开。故答案为D。
注意：1） because, since 不可与so 连用。
2） 在含because 的句子中，全句强调的重点在原因上，而不在主句表示的结果上。因此，回答why 提出的问题，只能用because。同样，在强调句型中只能用because 从句，不能用since, as 等。
3） because 与否定词连用时可能有两种不同的含义。not 有时否定主句的谓语动词，有时否定because，此时，其前面没有逗号。例如：
—I see, you work yourself so hard every day, John, why?
—Yes, really I do. But I don’t do it__________ I like it. I just have to, in fact.
A. becauseB. unless
C. thoughD. or
解析：本题考查连词的用法。句意为：“约翰，你天天如此拼命地工作是为什么？”“是的，我这样拼命地干不是因为我喜欢。而我是被逼无奈的。”因此，应该用because 来引导原因状语从句，此时not 否定because。
二、介词短语because of, due to, on account of, owing to及thanks to
1. because of为普通用语，使用范围最广，一般作状语，而不作表语。例如：
The open-air celebration has been put off__________the bad weather. （2007 浙江卷）
A. in case ofB. in spite of
C. instead ofD. because of
解析：本题考查介词短语的用法。句意为：“因为天气不好，露天庆祝活动被推迟了。” in case of “以防万一”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“相反”；because of“因为”。故答案为D。
注意：若主语指某一个事实，而不是一个名词时，because of 也可以用作表语。例如：
She has dropped out of school; that was because of her poor health. 她辍学了，那是因为她健康不佳。
2. due to 和owing to 二者都略显正式，并经常用于正式的通告或公开声明。due to 在传统英语中只作表语，但是现在用作状语已为人们所接受，相当于owing to。例如：
All flights into London have been delayed due to / owing to the thick fog. 所有飞往伦敦机场的航班均因大雾而延误。
3. on account of 的用法与because of 大致相同。
4. thanks to只作状语，不作表语，意为“幸亏；由于”。例如：
Thanks to the wise leadership of our Party, we have achieved great success during the past thirty years. 多亏了党的英明领导，我们在过去30年里取得了巨大的成功。
三、其他常见介词短语，如in view of （考虑到；由于），by reason of （因为；由于），on the grounds of （因为；由于）， on the grounds that ... （that 引导同位语从句） 例如：
In view of the weather, the event will now be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。
He was found innocent by reason of insanity. 他因精神失常而被判无罪。
I had to retire on the grounds of ill health. 我因健康的缘故不得已退休了。
The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence. 此案因缺乏足够证据而被驳回。
四、连词seeing (that) , now (that), considering (that), given that及in that
这几个连词同since, as 意义相近，都有“鉴于；考虑到；原因是”的意思。例如：
We could have a joint party, seeing that your birthday is the same day as mine. 既然你和我的生日在同一天，我们可以一起开个生日聚会。
Now that you’re here, why not have a drink. 既然你来了，就喝一杯吧。
Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 既然她喜欢孩子，我相信教书是最适合她的职业。
巩固练习：
1. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses__________eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.（2004 上海卷）
A. becauseB. though
C. unlessD. if
2. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process,__________it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. (2005江苏卷)
A. untilB. but
C. unlessD. for
3. A man cannot smile like a child,__________a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006 湖南卷)
A. soB. butC. andD. for
4.__________being late for the conference, the secretary was dismissed from the company.
A. In reference toB. As for
C. In case ofD. On account of
5. Qingdao is among the most important cities in Shandong__________its location and economy.
A. in view ofB. in honor of
C. in favor ofD. in case of
6.__________the enormous flow of food from entire globe, these countries have not felt any population pressure for many years.
A. Thanks toB. By means of
C. In line withD. With regard to
7. These two areas are similar__________they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except thatB. in that
C. for thatD. due to
8. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life,with a lot of traveling__________heavy schedules.
A. with regard toB. as to
C. in relation toD. owing to
9. During an earthquake, the great part of the damage and loss of life has been__________collapse of buildings and the effect of floods, fire, diseases, and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes, rather than from the quakes themselves.
A. due toB. owing to
C. by reason ofD. on account of
10.__________you’re present here, perhaps you wouldn’t mind answering me some actual questions.
A. Even ifB. If only
C. Now thatD. In case
Keys: 1-5 ADDDA 6-10 ABDAC ☆