目的：了解连续不卧床腹膜透析（ＣＡＰＤ）患者进行肾移植的效果。方法：对２７例经腹膜透析（ＰＤ组）与２７例经血液透析（ＨＤ组）治疗后进行肾移植的患者进行对照研究。结果：ＰＤ组与ＨＤ组术前情况及术后人／肾存活时间、排异反应发生率、并发症发生率及死亡率，两组比较差异均不显著。结论：腹膜透析患者肾移植的效果与血液透析是相同的 Objective: To understand the effect of kidney transplantation in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). METHODS: Twenty-seven patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 27 patients undergoing renal transplantation after hemodialysis (HD) were compared. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the preoperative status, the postoperative survival time of human / kidney, the incidence of rejection, the incidence of complications and the mortality in PD group and HD group. Conclusions: Renal transplantation in peritoneal dialysis patients is as effective as hemodialysis