脑机接口通过解码人类思维活动过程中的脑神经活动信息,构建人脑与外部世界的直接信息传输通路.近20年来,脑机接口领域迎来了快速发展,取得了一系列重要研究与应用成果.本文从信息交流与控制、功能康复与增强、状态识别与监测3个主要发展方向综述了脑机接口的研究现状,并对脑机接口的发展所面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望.“,”Brain-computer interface establishes a direct communication pathway between the human brain and the external world by realtime decoding the brain activities accompanying our thinking process.In the past two decades,rapid progress has been made in this field,with a series of important research and application results.The article reviews the state-of-art research in three main directions,namely communication and control,function rehabilitation and enhancement,status recognition and monitoring.Finally,opportunities and challenges for future development are discussed.