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目的总结眩晕的常见病因及临床特点,提高医生尤其是年青医生对眩晕患者的诊治水平。方法选取2014年10月—2017年06月收治的306例眩晕住院患者,根据临床表现及辅助检查明确眩晕类型,分析常见病因及临床特点。采用描述性统计分析。结果在306例眩晕症患者中,病因从高到低的顺序是:良性阵发性位置性眩晕(Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)(耳石症)103例(33.66%);脑部病变(血管病及其他)102例(33.33%),其中,后循环缺血42例(13.73%),脑干梗塞22例(7.19%),小脑梗塞16例(5.23%),丘脑出血9例(2.94%),小脑出血7例(2.29%),高血压脑病3例(0.98%),多发性硬化2例(0.65%),桥脑小脑角肿瘤1例(0.33%);前庭神经元炎42例(13.73%);梅尼埃病28例(9.16%);神经精神性头晕15例(4.90%);颈性眩晕11例(3.60%);心律失常3例(0.98%);其他2例(0.65%)。结论引起眩晕的原因很多,临床表现涉及多个科室的症状,所以要详细询问病史,全面进行体格检查,结合必要的辅助检查手段,明确眩晕的类型,才能进行有针对性的治疗。
Objective To summarize the common causes and clinical features of vertigo, and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of vertigo patients by doctors, especially young doctors. Methods A total of 306 hospitalized patients with vertigo were selected from October 2014 to June 2017. The types of vertigo were determined according to clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations. Common etiologies and clinical features were analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis was used. Results Among the 306 patients with vertigo, the order of the causes was from high to low: 103 cases (33.66%) of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (otolith disease) (13.73%), 22 cases of brainstem infarction (7.19%), 16 cases of cerebellar infarction (5.23%), 9 cases of thalamic hemorrhage (2.94%), Cerebellar hemorrhage in 7 patients (2.29%), hypertensive encephalopathy in 3 patients (0.98%), multiple sclerosis in 2 patients (0.65%) and pontine cerebellar angle tumors in 1 patient (0.33%); vestibular neuritis in 42 patients (13.73% ); Meniere’s disease in 28 cases (9.16%); Neuropsychiatric dizziness in 15 cases (4.90%); Cervical vertigo in 11 cases (3.60%); Arrhythmia in 3 cases (0.98% . Conclusion There are many causes of dizziness. Clinical manifestations involve symptoms of multiple departments. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a detailed examination of the medical history, conduct a comprehensive physical examination, and combine the necessary auxiliary examinations to identify the type of dizziness in order to conduct targeted treatment.