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中国古代商人是相对于韦伯所称引的资本主义企业家而言的。在中国古代虽然有工商 分立的说法，但工的实际历史影响太小，真正代表中国古代企业家──如果可以称为企业家的话── 精神的是商。所以此处商人是泛指，以勉强对应韦伯讲的西方企业家。韦伯从宗教社会学的角度 指出资本主义何以产生于西方，他同时对中国的古代社会也做过研究。本文力图对中国古代社会的 一个特殊阶层──中国古代商人以韦伯的视角做一考察，看中国古代商人身上有哪些东西不符合 韦伯意义上的近代化品格。
Ancient Chinese businessmen are relative to Weber’s quoted capitalist entrepreneurs. Although in ancient China there was a saying that business was divided, the actual historical impact of the work was too small. It truly represented the ancient Chinese entrepreneurs - if they could be called entrepreneurs - the spirit was business. So here the businessman refers to the Western entrepreneur who barely responds to Weber. From the perspective of religious sociology, Weber pointed out that capitalism originated in the West. At the same time, he also studied ancient Chinese society. This paper tries to make a survey of ancient Chinese merchants from a special stratum—the ancient Chinese merchants used Weber’s perspective—to see what the ancient Chinese merchants did not conform to the modernized character in Weber’s sense.