一、路网规划与铁路部门的国民经济属性欲规划出2000年我国铁路网(含新线建设和既有线改造)发展蓝图,其最基本前提是要明确铁路部门的国民经济属性。在客、货流通领域中,铁路基本建设和运营系统,无论是在以市场经济为主的资本主义国家还是以计划经济为主的社会主义国家,都是国民经济的基础结构。根据国民经济基础结构理论与历史实践,铁路部门有其国民经济中的双重属性:一是它的企业性,二是它的社会公益性。作为其第一种属性,铁路的建设与运营要自觉地按商品经济规律办事,提高铁路企业的自身经济效益。在我国经济由僵化单一的计划经济向社会主义商品经济过渡的现阶段,我们需要以商品经济的基本原则指导铁路的路网发展 I. Road Network Planning and National Economic Attributes of Railway Departments To plan a blueprint for the development of China’s railway network in 2000 (including construction of new lines and reconstruction of existing lines), the most basic prerequisite is to clarify the national economic attributes of the railway sector. In the area of ​​passenger and cargo circulation, the basic railway infrastructure construction and operation system is the basic structure of the national economy both in a capitalist country dominated by a market economy and a socialist country dominated by a planned economy. According to the theory and historical practice of the national economic infrastructure, the railway sector has dual attributes in its national economy: one is its corporate nature and the other is its social welfare. As its first attribute, the construction and operation of the railway should act according to the laws of commodity economy conscientiously and raise the economic efficiency of railway enterprises themselves. At the present stage of our country’s transition from a rigid single planned economy to a socialist commodity economy, we need to guide the development of the railway network by the basic principles of commodity economy