高考前谈书面表达写作技巧

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  《2009年江苏高考考试说明》对书面表达的要求是:“要求考生根据所给题示与要求进行书面表达。考生应能:(1) 在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇;(2) 使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地用英语表达自己的意思。”
  书面表达需要关注以下几点:
  (1) 内容要点;
  (2) 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性;
  (3) 上下文的连贯性;
  (4) 语言的得体性。
  书面表达是有一定难度的测试题,但在考前作一番研究,掌握一定的技巧,要拿高分也是可以做到的。少数成绩较好的考生由于失误或时间分配不当等原因,也可能导致得分偏低。因此,充裕的时间,恰当的方法,是拿到理想分数的关键。
  做好书面表达题的关键步骤是:
  (一)认真审题,把握要求
  认真审题是重要的第一步。要考虑以下三点:
  (1) 文体上有哪些要求?是通知?是日记?是写信?还是写一篇短文?
  (2) 写作背景,了解一下为何而写、为谁而写?要传递哪些信息?
  (3) 有哪些注意事项,有何附带要求?有没有给出开头或结尾?有无参考词汇?
  (二)动手写
  1.列要点
   记住,150个词的短文只需写13至15句话左右。
  例(一):以图画为例,应根据连环画给每幅图列出要点,六幅图的书面表达,一般每幅图用一至二句。如:
  下面六幅图讲述的是出租车司机小张出车送—对美国夫妇去宾馆途中,该对美国夫妇将钱和护照掉在车上,最后失而复得的经过。假如你是杨华,请你给《21世纪英文报》的编辑写一封信,介绍事情的经过并适当发表自己的
  观点。
  


  注意:1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,但不计入总词数;
  2.词数:150左右。
  参考词汇:接待员:receptionist护照:passport
  
  Dear editor,
  I’m writing to tell you what happened to Xiao Zhang, a taxi driver and an American
  couple.________________________________________________
  _______________________________________________________
  
  所列要点如下:
  Picture 1: Xiao Zhang took the American couple to a hotel
  Picture 2: got to the hotel; (the couple paid the money to Xiao Zhang; said Goodbye to…)
  Picture 3: (Xiao Zhang) found a handbag on the back seat
  Picture 4: (Xiao Zhang) opened the bag, found some money and two passports
  Picture 5: (Xiao Zhang) drove back to the hotel; with a receptionist’s help, he managed to return the bag to the couple
  Picture 6: (the couple) thanked him
  My own opinion: be deeply moved; learn from Xiao Zhang; to be honest is important; be always
  ready to help others, our society will be better…
  (要点立在草稿纸上,句子可以简化,最好把要点的主语顺便添加上去,如上例。)
  例(二):以图表为例,也可将每个要点的主语添加上去。如:
  假如你是李华,最近你校学生会正在学生中开展关于是否应取消划分重点班和普通班的讨论。请你根据以下提示,写一篇英文稿件,在学生论坛上发表,介绍这次讨论的情况,并谈谈你自己的看法。
  


   注意:1.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;
   2.词数:120左右;
  3.内容可以适当发挥,以使行文连贯。
  Now in some schools students are divided into two major groups: key classes and ordinary classes. Recently we have had a discussion in our school about whether we should put an end to this practice.
  _____________________________________
  _____________________________________
  
  所列要点如下:
  (一些人) 赞成be in favor of
  重点班 (的学生) 承受很大压力suffer from great pressure
  (由于) 竞争激烈fierce competition
  (这一点) 不利于他们的健康成长be harmful to their healthy development
  (普通班的同学) 常感到自尊心受到了伤害often feel hurt
  (一些人) 反对do not agree to do something; be opposed to something
  (学生的) 学习情况接近 studying situation is similar to each other’s
  便于老师教学 easier for the teachers to teach the students
  提高课堂效率 (classroom teaching) is likely to be more efficient
  你的看法As for myself; In my opinion; Personally, I think…
  2.上答题纸
  每个要点用正确的英文句式表达出来,对于英语基础较好的学生,可尽可能地运用一些较高级词汇,可以适当地运用一些复合句,关键是要表达准确到位。注意动词的时态和语态。如:
  例(一):
  Dear editor,
  I’m writing to tell you what happened to Xiao Zhang, a taxi driver and an American couple. One day, Xiao Zhang, the taxi driver was taking the American couple to a hotel. When they got there, the couple paid Xiao Zhang and waved goodbye to him. Later, Xiao Zhang found a handbag on the back seat. He opened the bag, finding some money and two passports. So he quickly drove back to the hotel. With the help of a receptionist, he managed to return the bag to the couple. The couple were very thankful to him.
  I am deeply moved by the driver’s noble deed. As a student, we should learn from what Xiao Zhang did. To be honest is the most important in our society. If everyone is always ready to help others, our society will become more harmonious.
  Yours truly,
   Yang Hua
  例(二):
  One possible version:
  Now in some schools students are divided into two major groups: key classes and ordinary classes. Recently we have had a discussion in our school about whether we should put an end to this practice. Some of us are in favor of this suggestion because the students in key classes are suffering from great pressure due to the fierce competition, which is harmful to their healthy development.
  Meanwhile, those in so-called ordinary classes can’t help feeling hurt. Some others do not agree to do so because it is much easier for teachers to teach students of similar levels and classroom teaching is likely to be more efficient.
  Personally I think we should bring the practice to an end because those who do well in their lessons can set a good example to those who don’t and help them whenever necessary…
  可以适当地运用一些连词、副词、介词短语使上下文的时间关系、逻辑关系更加清晰。
  介绍一些联接成分供大家使用:
  First of all; Generally speaking; To be frank; firstly…secondly…finally…; after that; however; when; as soon as; before; after; at the same time; also; still; meanwhile; as well as; on the one hand…on the other hand…, some…others…; as a result; one…the other…; both…and…; neither…nor…; either…or…; besides; what’s more.
  可以熟记一些固定的句式,只要有机会,就将其用进去,对提高书面表达的分数很有帮助。如:
  There exist many problems, such as…
  In my opinion, …
  Proper measures should be taken to …
  Suddenly a good idea occurred to him.
  It is…that…
  Great changes have taken place here.
  Too much has been said above.
  I hope that you will…
  I consider we should take active and effective measures to protect them.
  15% of the students, including myself, partly agree with them.
  I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time then.
  The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang River.
  I think that the growth of its population should be brought under control.
  In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.
  I want to go to the countryside for a change.
  There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.
  We can apply our knowledge to the solution to practical problems.
  We should take correct attitudes towards our studies.
  In that case, I can get in touch with them by E-mail or chat with them on the Internet.
  We can surf the Internet for various kinds of information.
  You could understand how precious time is to us students.
  (三)复查校对
  a.内容要点是否有遗漏;
  b.时态、语态、人称有没有用错;
  c.搭配有没有错误;
   d.有无逻辑性的错误;
   e.在必要的地方添加连词、副词,适当润色。
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