古人提倡“以史为鉴”,实际上就是提出了要分析和运用历史知识,为现实的生活所服务。这就要求学生不仅要掌握符合历史实际的表象,还要进行思维加工,分析史实,从而总结规律,达到理性认识——经验和规律,应用于实际生活。如果绕过了理解这一关,历史知识的迁移和应用就犹如空中楼 The ancients advocated “taking history as a mirror”. In fact, they proposed to analyze and apply historical knowledge to serve the real life. This requires students not only to master the appearance consistent with historical reality, but also to process thinking, analyze historical facts, so as to sum up the law, to achieve rational understanding - experience and law, applied to real life. If we circumvent this understanding, the transfer and application of historical knowledge will be like an aerial building.