全面推行城镇居民阶梯水价制度是水价改革的重要内容之一。目前我国大中型城市推行并已实施城镇居民阶梯水价制度的大概有三分之一左右,但很多水资源短缺的地区并没有实施。因此,提高水资源利用率,促进水资源可持续利用迫在眉睫。本文在梳理阶梯水价制度实施历程、进展状况与弊端,以及水价制度制定和价格机制杠杆作用的原则的基础上,对全面推行城镇居民阶梯水价制度的必要性进行了简单分析,并提出了几点建议,以期为提高水资源的利用率和节水意识提供理论指导。 The full implementation of urban residents ladder water system is one of the important content of water price reform. At present, about one-third of the urban water pricing system implemented by large and medium-sized cities in our country has been implemented. However, many water-short areas are not implemented. Therefore, it is imminent to improve the utilization of water resources and promote the sustainable use of water resources. Based on the combing of the implementing process, the progress and the disadvantages of the pricing system and the principle of establishing the pricing system and the leverage mechanism, this paper briefly analyzes the necessity of implementing the pricing system of urban residents’ Suggestions to provide theoretical guidance for improving the utilization of water resources and awareness of water conservation.