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在中国传统法律文化的主流中,儒学处于无可置疑的主导地位。而宗法制度则是儒学所赖以产生、存续和发展的基础。因此,宗法制度与传统法律文化,如同根叶,似若源流。我们通常所说的宗法制度,存在于长达数千年的中国古代社会,随着历史的发展而历经变迁,大体可以区分为奴隶制宗族制度和封建制家族制度两大阶段,相应的法律文化也可以区分为宗族主义法律文化和家族主义法律文化两种类型。它们既具有前后呼应、彼此相通的共性,又各自拥有特殊的内涵和表征。本文拟从历史演进的角度,对宗法制度与传统法律文化两大阶段的异同及各自的特点作一个简要的考察。
In the mainstream of traditional Chinese legal culture, Confucianism is undoubtedly the dominant position. The patriarchal clan system is the basis for the creation, survival and development of Confucianism. Therefore, the patriarchal system and the traditional legal culture, like the roots and leaves, seems to be flowing. The patriarchal clan system, which we usually refer to, exists in the ancient Chinese society for thousands of years. With the development of history, the patriarchal clan system has undergone changes and can be roughly divided into two stages: the slavery clan system and the feudal system clan system. The corresponding legal culture Can also be divided into two types of legal culture and the clan legal culture. They both have echoes, mutual commonalities, and each has its own special meaning and characterization. This article intends to make a brief survey of the similarities and differences between the two major stages of the patriarchal system and the traditional legal culture and their respective characteristics from the perspective of historical evolution.