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随着城镇化建设、工业化进程的不断深化,产业集聚逐渐成为产业结构优化、转型升级、区域链条式发展的重要战略举措。本文基于区位基尼系数(G)和地理集中度(CRn)测算我国制造业21个行业1997—2013年期间的集聚水平,深入分析我国制造业所具有的集聚特征与变化趋势;并结合全局莫兰指数(Moran’s I)探究我国制造业的空间关联模式。实证结果表明:(1)我国大多数制造业行业的集聚呈现倒“U”型演变过程,即1997—2008年集聚水平上升,产业集聚拐点在2003—2008年期间出现,2009年之后制造业集聚水平出现下降态势;(2)制造业地域分布不均,形成以山东、江苏、河南等地区的高值集聚块,以广东省为中心的集聚点,并以此为中心向周边省市递减,同时产业发展水平相似(高高或低低)的区域呈现集聚、片状分布格局,空间结构化严重;(3)制造业以分散—离散和集中—离散两种空间集聚类型为主,产业的空间集聚类型演化集聚与离散相交替,空间集聚类型趋向稳定。
With the urbanization and deepening of industrialization, industrial agglomeration has gradually become an important strategic measure for industrial structure optimization, transformation and upgrading, and regional chain development. Based on the Gini coefficient (G) and geographic concentration (CRn), this paper estimates the level of agglomeration of 21 manufacturing industries in China during the period of 1997-2013 and deeply analyzes the agglomeration characteristics and the changing trend of manufacturing industry in China. Index (Moran’s I) to explore the spatial correlation model of China’s manufacturing industry. The empirical results show that: (1) The agglomeration of most manufacturing industries in our country presents an inverted U-shaped evolution, that is, the level of agglomeration rises in 1997-2008, the turning point of industrial agglomeration appears in 2003-2008, and the manufacturing (2) uneven geographical distribution of manufacturing industries, forming a cluster of high-value agglomerations in Shandong, Jiangsu and Henan provinces, focusing on Guangdong Province as the center, and taking this as the center to express their opinions to neighboring provinces and municipalities (3) Manufacturing is dominated by decentralized - discrete and centralized - discrete two types of spatial agglomeration, which is characterized by the following characteristics: The spatial agglomeration types of industry evolve and disperse, and the spatial agglomeration types tend to be stable.