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土地利用变化对水文过程的影响以及衍生的资源与环境问题已经成为当前研究的热点问题,针对黄淮海平原区水资源短缺问题,研究区域的土地利用变化对地下水资源量的效应,对于地下水位下降原因的诊断,调整土地利用以缓解地下水危机具有现实意义。本文构建了1km网格地理信息数据库,利用基于水量平衡原理的单元网格水平衡分析方法,计算出了1990年、2010年两期黄淮海平原区310 863个网格地下水蓄变量。研究发现,黄淮海平原区的土地结构变化趋势是生态用地转换为耕地,耕地转换为建设用地,而其中各地类的耗水强度排序为建设用地>耕地>草地以及未利用土地,建设用地耗水强度从107万m~3/km~2增加到2010年的166万m~3/km~2,耕地耗水强度从51.90万m~3/km~2增加到57.50万m~3/km~2,草地与未利用地耗水强度分别从43.91万m~3/km~2、46.78万m~3/km~2变化到50.93万m~3/km~2、49.39m~3/km~2。低耗水强度的用地结构向高耗水强度用地结构变化,以及建设用地和耕地耗水强度不断增加,导致了黄淮海平原区各流域地下水蓄变量减少。
The impact of land use change on hydrological processes and derived resources and environmental issues have become hot issues in current research. In view of the shortage of water resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the effect of land use change on groundwater resources in the study area is analyzed. The reason of diagnosis and adjustment of land use to alleviate the crisis of groundwater is of practical significance. In this paper, a 1km grid geographic information database was constructed. Based on the element grid water balance analysis method based on water balance principle, the groundwater storage variables of 310 863 grids in the two periods of 1990 and 2010 in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were calculated. The study found that the change trend of land structure in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is that ecological land is converted into cultivated land and cultivated land is converted to construction land, and the water consumption intensity of each category is sorted as construction land> cultivated land> grassland and unused land, water consumption of construction land The intensity increased from 1.07 million m 3 / km 2 to 1.66 million m 3 / km 2 in 2010, and the water consumption intensity of cultivated land increased from 519,000 m 3 / km 2 to 575,000 m 3 / km 2. The water consumption intensity of grassland and unused land changed from 439,100 m 3 / km ~ 24,678,800 m 3 / km ~ 2 to 509,300 m 3 / km ~ 2,49.39m 3 / km ~ 2. The change of land use structure of low water consumption intensity to the structure of high water consumption intensity and the increasing water consumption intensity of construction land and cultivated land resulted in the decrease of groundwater storage volume in each basin of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.