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现代中文的动态助词“了”和日语的「た」能作为完成相,置于动词之后表示动作的过去、完成,二者的文法意义同样,有着对应关系。但是在实际运用中“V+了”和日语的完成相不是简单地对应,而有着错综复杂的关系。“了”和日语完成相在不同的文法系统中,有着各自的文法意义。所谓完成相在日语中用作为体标记「した」来表示,而汉语中则用动态助词“了”表示,汉语中的“了”有着更复杂的意义。通过误用例子探求“了”的文法意义及日汉体态习惯误用的形成原因,对日汉互译及汉语圈的日语教学有着极其重要的作用。
The modern Chinese dynamic auxiliary “and ” and Japanese “ta ” can serve as the completion phase, after the verb to indicate the past action, completed, both the grammatical meaning of the same, there is a corresponding relationship. However, in practice, “V + ” does not simply correspond to Japanese, but has a complex relationship. “And ” and Japanese completed in different grammar system, has its own grammatical significance. The so-called completion phase is used as the body mark “shi ta” in Japanese, while in Chinese the dynamic particle “” is used to indicate that the Chinese “pu” has more complex meanings. Through the misuse of examples to explore the grammatical meaning of “” and the reason why the Japanese and Chinese body habits are misused, it plays an extremely important role in Japanese-Chinese translation and Chinese-speaking Japanese teaching.