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目的了解太原市重工业造成的空气污染对儿童呼吸系统症状的急性影响,探讨儿童呼吸系统症状与空气污染的相关性。方法于2008年7月1日—2009年6月30日以定群研究方法选择479名6~11岁儿童,通过填写小学生健康日志来记录每日呼吸系统症状。同时收集距学校1.5 km处空气监测点PM10、SO2、NO2、CO日均浓度。应用广义估计方程(GEE)建立空气污染与小学生呼吸系统症状的剂量反应关系,估计污染物危险度。结果调整了个体水平的危险因素之后,SO2影响的估计值稳定。在滞后效应中,lag1~lag 3和lag 5危险度相对较高,SO2浓度每升高1个四分位数间距(63μg/m3),儿童呼吸系统症状增加8%~17%。在累积效应中,危险度随累积天数的增加而上升,SO2浓度每升高1个四分位数间距,儿童呼吸系统症状增加25%~74%。累积效应大于滞后效应。调整了其他污染物的影响之后,SO2的危险度略有升高,分析结果仍有统计学意义。结论大气SO2污染可能导致本次调查的小学生呼吸系统症状发生率上升。
Objective To understand the acute effects of air pollution on respiratory symptoms of children caused by heavy industry in Taiyuan and to explore the correlation between respiratory symptoms and air pollution in children. Methods From July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009, 479 children aged 6 to 11 years were enrolled in this study. The daily respiratory symptoms were recorded by filling in the pupils’ health log. At the same time, the daily average concentrations of PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO at air monitoring stations 1.5 km away from the school were collected. The generalized estimation equation (GEE) was used to establish the dose-response relationship between air pollution and respiratory symptoms of pupils, and to estimate the risk of pollutants. Results After adjusting for individual-level risk factors, the estimate of SO2 effect was stable. In the lag effect, lag1-lag3 and lag5 have a relatively high risk, and for every SO4 increase in interquartile range (63 μg / m3), respiratory symptoms in children increase by 8% -17%. In the cumulative effect, the risk increases with the cumulative number of days, and for every 1-quartile increase in SO2 concentration, respiratory symptoms in children increase by 25% -74%. The cumulative effect is greater than the lag effect. After adjusting for the effects of other contaminants, the risk of SO2 increased slightly and the results of the analysis remained statistically significant. Conclusions Atmospheric SO2 pollution may lead to an increase in respiratory symptoms among Pupils in this survey.