我院1872年～1986年大肠癌手术311例,按术后感染的预防措施分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。根据大肠癌手术后感染的主要致病菌,我们对第Ⅱ组病人在术前抗生素的选择与应用上进行了改进,结果Ⅰ组感染率为36.47％、Ⅱ组为5.26％,两组有极显著差异(P<0.01)。根据应用复方营养要素前后大便细菌培养计数有极显著差异,对Ⅲ组病人增加了术前应用复方营养要素。结果:Ⅲ组感染率是1.53％、说明对术后感染的预防是有益的, In our hospital from 187 to 1986, 311 cases of colorectal cancer were divided into groups I, II, and III according to preventive measures for postoperative infection. According to the major pathogens of colorectal cancer after surgery, we improved the choice and application of preoperative antibiotics for Group II patients. The results showed that the infection rate was 36.47% in Group I and 5.26% in Group II. Significant difference (P<0.01). According to the difference in bacterial culture counts before and after the application of compound nutrient factors, there was an extremely significant difference, and the application of compound nutrient elements before surgery was increased in Group III patients. Results: The infection rate in group III was 1.53%, indicating that the prevention of postoperative infection was beneficial.