西方经济学关于政府和市场关系问题的认识方法存在局限性。马克思主义政治经济学运用唯物史观和唯物辩证法方法,认为政府和市场的关系是辩证统一、有机共生关系。构建政府和市场的新型关系要把握三个维度,即从国家性质层面看,政府和市场关系实质是国家和市场的关系;从市场经济一般规律看,政府并非就是“守夜人”角色,我国政府和市场关系有其特殊性;计划与市场并非处于同等地位的两种资源配置手段,在社会主义市场经济中计划与社会主义制度有内在联系。 There are limitations in western economics understanding of the relationship between the government and the market. Marxist political economy uses the method of historical materialism and materialist dialectics and holds that the relationship between the government and the market is dialectical unity and organic symbiosis. To build a new type of relationship between the government and the market, we must grasp three dimensions: from the perspective of the nature of the state, the relationship between the government and the market is essentially the relationship between the state and the market; from the perspective of the general law of the market economy, the government is not the “night watchman” The relationship between the government and the market in our country has its own particularity. The planning and the market are not two kinds of means of resource allocation in an equal position. They are planned to be intrinsically linked with the socialist system in the socialist market economy.