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目的综合分析国内外核设施周围居民甲状腺疾病流行病学调查的内容、现状及进展,为设计我国核设施周围甲状腺疾病基线调查提供参考。方法搜集国内外核设施周围健康基线调查资料,查阅核事故及核爆试验后核设施周围人群甲状腺疾病流行研究资料。结果参加切尔诺贝利核电事故救援的工作人员中,男性甲状腺癌发病率比1990—1997年乌克兰一般人口甲状腺癌发病率高3倍,比1998—2004年高8倍;女性分别高8.7倍和12倍。国内在3个核电站周围对居民进行了甲状腺肿的调查,在2个核电站周围对居民进行了甲状腺癌发病(死亡)率专项调查。结论核设施周围居民甲状腺疾病基线调查十分必要;核设施周围居民健康基线调查设计既要注重科学性,又要具备可操作性。
Objective To comprehensively analyze the contents, current status and progress of epidemiological investigation of thyroid diseases among residents around nuclear facilities at home and abroad, and provide references for the baseline survey of thyroid disease around nuclear facilities in China. Methods To collect the baseline health survey data around nuclear facilities both at home and abroad, and to review the research data on the prevalence of thyroid disease in nuclear populations around nuclear facilities after nuclear accidents and nuclear explosions tests. Results Among the staff who participated in the rescue of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the incidence of thyroid cancer in men was three times higher than that of the general population in Ukraine in 1990-1997, eight times higher than in 1998-2004 and 8.7 times higher in women And 12 times. Surveys on goiters were conducted around the three nuclear power plants in China. A special survey on the incidence of thyroid cancer (death) among residents was conducted around the two nuclear power plants. Conclusion The baseline survey of thyroid diseases among residents around nuclear facilities is necessary. The baseline health survey of residents around nuclear facilities should not only be scientific but also workable.