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基于2010年西部社会经济变迁调查数据,研究发现:(1)少数民族因户籍、学历、就业部门等因素分化为若干个亚群,而且每个亚群在劳动力市场上的境遇并不一致;(2)少数民族和汉族在就业上存在一定程度的部门隔离,高达69.7%的少数民族从事农业,而汉族农业人口的比重仅为38.7%;(3)在收入上,少数民族总体上处于劣势,但将就业部分细分后发现,民族间的收入差距在国有部门(党政/事业/国有企业)内部微乎其微,而在私营部门却仍然显著;(4)在党政机关和事业单位进入上,少数民族略有优势,而在非农部门、国有企业进入上,汉族有较大的优势。研究结论认为,少数民族和汉族在劳动力市场上的分层主要由城乡差异、学历差别、部门隔离等因素所致,民族不平等(净差异)仅仅存在于私有部门,原因是优惠政策在政府管控的国有部门仍然发生作用,但在市场化程度较高的部门力有未逮。
Based on the 2010 survey of social and economic changes in the western region, the study found that: (1) ethnic minorities are divided into several sub-groups due to factors such as their census register, education background and employment department, and the situation of each sub-group in the labor market is not consistent; (2) ) There is a certain degree of sectoral segregation between ethnic minorities and Han nationals in employment. As many as 69.7% of the ethnic minorities engage in agriculture, while the proportion of the Han agricultural population is only 38.7%. (3) Ethnic minorities are generally disadvantaged in terms of income, Subdividing the employment component shows that the income gap among ethnic groups is negligible within the state sector (party, government, and state-owned enterprises), but still significant in the private sector. (4) In the upper and lower reaches of the party and government agencies and public institutions The nationality has a slight advantage. However, in non-agricultural sectors and state-owned enterprises, the Han people have greater advantages. The study concluded that the stratification of ethnic minorities and Han in the labor market is mainly caused by factors such as urban-rural differences, academic differences and segregation of sectors. National inequality (net difference) exists only in the private sector because the preferential policies are controlled by the government Of the state-owned sectors still have a role to play, but they have not done anything in the more marketized sectors.