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本研究以54名4~6岁儿童为被试,采用实验法考查儿童依据知觉特征、主题关系及分类学三类标准进行分类及跨分类的发展状况,结果表明:(1)4岁儿童能够按照知觉特征、主题关系及分类学三类标准进行分类,且分类能力发展已经比较成熟。(2)知觉特征对不同年龄段儿童的影响不同,4岁和6岁儿童依据知觉标准分类的成绩显著好于5岁儿童。(3)6岁儿童的跨分类能力发展基本成熟。(4)自然情境下,学前儿童分类时优先考虑自己的偏好,并遵循知觉特征——主题关系——分类学分类的先后顺序进行分类。
In this study, 54 children aged 4 to 6 years were used as subjects to test the development of children’s classification and classification across categories according to their perceptual characteristics, thematic relations and taxonomy. The results showed that: (1) According to the characteristics of perceived, thematic relations and taxonomy three categories of classification, and the classification of the ability to develop more mature. (2) Perceived characteristics have different effects on children of different ages, and the scores of children aged 4 and 6 are significantly better than those of 5-year-old children according to the sensory standards. (3) The development of cross-classification ability of 6-year-old children is basically mature. (4) In the natural situation, pre-school children prioritize their preferences when categorizing them, and classify them according to the sequence of perceptual features-subject relationships-taxonomic categories.