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1. be second to... 仅次于……
拓展：be second to none最佳的，不亚于任何人的；be next to仅次于；紧邻 be superior to优于 be junior to比……小。
例如：He is such a good player that he is second to none. (无人能比)
Next to music, he loves tennis best. 除了音乐，他最喜欢网球。
This employee is superior to the former in ability. 这个雇员比上个能力强。
He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小两岁。
2. defend vt. 防御，保护，保卫，为……护（常和from, against 连用）
He defended her from the attack of a dog. 他保护她不受狗的攻击。
They defended the city against the enemy. 他们保卫这个城市，打击外来侵敌。
拓展：1) defence n. (美defense) 防御 (工事)，保护，保卫；辩护
The defence of the country is everyone’s affair.保卫祖国，人人有责。
2) defensive adj. 防御的，爱辩护的
This is a defensive treaty. 这是防御性条约。
3. be located...: 位于……，坐落于……
The house is located next to the river.那座房子位于河畔。
4. consist of: 由……组成 / 构成
拓展：同义短语有：be made up of; be composed of等。
【基础提升】
The United Kingdom ___________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. is made up for
B. includes
C. is consisted of
D. consists of
【答案：D】
5. a handful of: 少数（几个人）；一小撮
例句：Only a handful of people attended the meeting last Sunday. 上周只有少数人参加了会议。6. cater to 迎合，满足
例如：Some magazines caters to boys while others are intended for girls.
有些杂志适合男孩儿，而有些则适合女孩儿。
拓展：cater for sb. / sth. 提供，迎合
This play centre caters for children of all ages.这个游乐中心适合各年龄层次的孩子。
7. be bound to必定
拓展：be bound for准备前往 be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；热衷于某事
【基础提升】
I feel___________ to say that popular science readings should also ___________the need of farmers.
A. like; suit
B. necessary; meet with
C. bound; cater to
D. right; satisfy
【答案：C】
8. have a preference for 偏爱
拓展：have / show preference for偏爱in preference to 优先于by preference最好，首先；根据偏好
【基础提升】
介词填空
1) She chose to learn the violin in preference ___________the piano.
2) We dress simply___________ preference.
【答案：1) to2) by】
9. owe…to…把……归功于……
拓展：owe sb. one dollar = owe one dollar to sb. 欠某人一美元；owing to 由于……
【基础提升】
He feels that his health ___________owing to ___________a long walk every other day.
A. is improving; taking
B. has been improved; being taken
C. improved; taken
D. is improving; have taken
【答案：A 】
10. be equipped with 配备有……
拓展：equip的名词为equipment (不可数) 设备，一件设备：a piece of equipment
对比：facility (可数)“设施”，复数形式facilities。
11.distinguish...from...把……和……区分开来
distinguish A from B 也可以作 distinguish between A and B把A和B区分开来
例如：The twins are so alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得太像了以致于很难把他们区分开来。
类似的结构还有：tell A from B；tell the difference between A and B：分辨A和B
例如：Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟吗？
It is hard to tell the difference between the two versions. 很难分辨这两个版本有何区别。
12. be worthy of... 值得……
拓展：be worthy 值得，后面接of being done，或接to be done.
be worth doing (worth后面用主动形式表被动含义，另worth前表程度的修饰语只能用well)。
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。
这个钟不值得修。(3种表达法)
The clock isn’t worth repairing.
The clock isn’t worthy of being repaired.
The clock isn’t worthy to be repaired.
特别提醒：在表示价值多少钱时用be worth而不能用be worthy of +名词短语。
如：How much is this painting worth?这幅画值多少钱？
13. impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的；令人钦佩的
拓展：impress vt. 使（某人）印象深刻；impress sb. with sb. / sth. vt. 给某人留下深刻印象；
impress sth. on / upon sb. 使……意识到，使……铭记，给某人留下深刻印象；
impression n. 印象
Harry Potter is one of the most impressive novels of recent years.
《哈利•波特》是近年来给人印象最深刻的小说之一。
The book impressed a lot of people. 那本书在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
Everyone was deeply impressed by / at / with his knowledge.
他的学问给大家留下了深刻印象。
His behaviour left (made) a bad impression on her.
他的行为给她留下了一个恶劣的印象。
14. as / so far as...is / are concerned就……而言
拓展：concern 作名词，意为：“担心，忧虑”；“关心，关爱，关注”。
作动词，意为：“(事情)与……有关”；“使 某人与……有关 (通常用被动语态)”；“使某人为……担心 (通常用被动语态)”
be concerned about (with, for, over) 为……担忧；关心……
The president is deeply concerned about the issue. 总统对这个问题深感担忧。
He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。
【词义辨析】defeat, beat, win, earn, seize
1) defeat 与 beat 都可以表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜或击败 (对手)”，后接竞争对手，如：sb., a team, a nation等。此用法两词可通用。此外，defeat还有“(计划、希望等) 受挫，失败”之意；beat还有“(风雨) 吹打，(波浪) 拍打；(心脏) 跳动”等意思。
2) win“战胜，赢得”，它的宾语通常是比赛 (match, game, competition)，奖牌、奖品(a medal or prize)、战争 (war) 或荣誉等，而不能接竞争对手。
3) earn 赢得，挣得，表示通过工作等获得钱财和利益或经过努力获得地位和荣誉等。
4) seize 用来表示“夺取城市。”
【即时操练】
1) Jack is so good at football that I have never_______________ her.
2) Helping others all the time_____________ him the respect of all.
3) Which team do you know will _____________the football match?
4) The rain is _____________against the windows all the day.
答案：1) defeated / beaten 2) earned 3) win 4) beating
3. while conj. & n. \
1) 当……时候，在此期间
I was reading while you were drying your hair.
While I was in China I visited the Great Wall.
2) 虽然
While I accept that he’s not perfect, I do actually quite like the man.
3) 而，但是
He gets six thousand yuan a year while I only get five hundred yuan.
Jack is very extrovert and confident while his brother is shy and quiet.
4) 一会儿 (一点) 时间
I have stayed here for a short while.
You were there quite a while (= a long time), weren’t you?
I’ll be fine in a while (= soon).
4. impact n. & v.
1) 影响，冲击；影响
例如：the impact of a collision 碰撞时的冲击
The bomb exploded on impact.炸弹在撞击时爆炸了。
2) impact v. 对……发生影响
例如：Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country’s economy quite considerably.
出口率的下降已经极大地影响了国家经济的发展。
【联想发散】
have an impact on sth.=have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth.
5. responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
例如：be responsible for sth. / doing sth. 承担责任；对……负责
All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 所有飞行员均应对乘客的安全负责。
responsibilityn.\职责，义务， 责任，负责
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday’s bomb attack.
恐怖分子已经宣称对昨天的炸弹袭击负责。
【联想发散】
response n. 回答，答复—responsible adj. 负责的—responsibly adv. 明事理地，合乎理性地，可信赖地—responsibility n. 责任，义务
【高考链接】
The government plans to bring in new laws _____________parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)
A. forcedB. forcing
C. to be forcedD. having forced
答案：B。
6. carry sth. out完成，实现，贯彻，执行
例如：Don’t blame me; I’m only carrying out my orders/instructions. 不要怪我，我只是执行命令而已。
【高考链接】
1） The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________the next year. (2000全国卷)
A. carry outB. carrying out
C. carried outD. to carry out
2） The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was _____________on the radio yesterday. (2007福建卷)
A. turned outB. found out
C. given outD. carried out
答案：1） C 2） C
拓展：be second to none最佳的，不亚于任何人的；be next to仅次于；紧邻 be superior to优于 be junior to比……小。
例如：He is such a good player that he is second to none. (无人能比)
Next to music, he loves tennis best. 除了音乐，他最喜欢网球。
This employee is superior to the former in ability. 这个雇员比上个能力强。
He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小两岁。
2. defend vt. 防御，保护，保卫，为……护（常和from, against 连用）
He defended her from the attack of a dog. 他保护她不受狗的攻击。
They defended the city against the enemy. 他们保卫这个城市，打击外来侵敌。
拓展：1) defence n. (美defense) 防御 (工事)，保护，保卫；辩护
The defence of the country is everyone’s affair.保卫祖国，人人有责。
2) defensive adj. 防御的，爱辩护的
This is a defensive treaty. 这是防御性条约。
3. be located...: 位于……，坐落于……
The house is located next to the river.那座房子位于河畔。
4. consist of: 由……组成 / 构成
拓展：同义短语有：be made up of; be composed of等。
【基础提升】
The United Kingdom ___________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. is made up for
B. includes
C. is consisted of
D. consists of
【答案：D】
5. a handful of: 少数（几个人）；一小撮
例句：Only a handful of people attended the meeting last Sunday. 上周只有少数人参加了会议。6. cater to 迎合，满足
例如：Some magazines caters to boys while others are intended for girls.
有些杂志适合男孩儿，而有些则适合女孩儿。
拓展：cater for sb. / sth. 提供，迎合
This play centre caters for children of all ages.这个游乐中心适合各年龄层次的孩子。
7. be bound to必定
拓展：be bound for准备前往 be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；热衷于某事
【基础提升】
I feel___________ to say that popular science readings should also ___________the need of farmers.
A. like; suit
B. necessary; meet with
C. bound; cater to
D. right; satisfy
【答案：C】
8. have a preference for 偏爱
拓展：have / show preference for偏爱in preference to 优先于by preference最好，首先；根据偏好
【基础提升】
介词填空
1) She chose to learn the violin in preference ___________the piano.
2) We dress simply___________ preference.
【答案：1) to2) by】
9. owe…to…把……归功于……
拓展：owe sb. one dollar = owe one dollar to sb. 欠某人一美元；owing to 由于……
【基础提升】
He feels that his health ___________owing to ___________a long walk every other day.
A. is improving; taking
B. has been improved; being taken
C. improved; taken
D. is improving; have taken
【答案：A 】
10. be equipped with 配备有……
拓展：equip的名词为equipment (不可数) 设备，一件设备：a piece of equipment
对比：facility (可数)“设施”，复数形式facilities。
11.distinguish...from...把……和……区分开来
distinguish A from B 也可以作 distinguish between A and B把A和B区分开来
例如：The twins are so alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得太像了以致于很难把他们区分开来。
类似的结构还有：tell A from B；tell the difference between A and B：分辨A和B
例如：Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟吗？
It is hard to tell the difference between the two versions. 很难分辨这两个版本有何区别。
12. be worthy of... 值得……
拓展：be worthy 值得，后面接of being done，或接to be done.
be worth doing (worth后面用主动形式表被动含义，另worth前表程度的修饰语只能用well)。
This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。
这个钟不值得修。(3种表达法)
The clock isn’t worth repairing.
The clock isn’t worthy of being repaired.
The clock isn’t worthy to be repaired.
特别提醒：在表示价值多少钱时用be worth而不能用be worthy of +名词短语。
如：How much is this painting worth?这幅画值多少钱？
13. impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的；令人钦佩的
拓展：impress vt. 使（某人）印象深刻；impress sb. with sb. / sth. vt. 给某人留下深刻印象；
impress sth. on / upon sb. 使……意识到，使……铭记，给某人留下深刻印象；
impression n. 印象
Harry Potter is one of the most impressive novels of recent years.
《哈利•波特》是近年来给人印象最深刻的小说之一。
The book impressed a lot of people. 那本书在很多人心中留下深刻印象。
Everyone was deeply impressed by / at / with his knowledge.
他的学问给大家留下了深刻印象。
His behaviour left (made) a bad impression on her.
他的行为给她留下了一个恶劣的印象。
14. as / so far as...is / are concerned就……而言
拓展：concern 作名词，意为：“担心，忧虑”；“关心，关爱，关注”。
作动词，意为：“(事情)与……有关”；“使 某人与……有关 (通常用被动语态)”；“使某人为……担心 (通常用被动语态)”
be concerned about (with, for, over) 为……担忧；关心……
The president is deeply concerned about the issue. 总统对这个问题深感担忧。
He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。
【词义辨析】defeat, beat, win, earn, seize
1) defeat 与 beat 都可以表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜或击败 (对手)”，后接竞争对手，如：sb., a team, a nation等。此用法两词可通用。此外，defeat还有“(计划、希望等) 受挫，失败”之意；beat还有“(风雨) 吹打，(波浪) 拍打；(心脏) 跳动”等意思。
2) win“战胜，赢得”，它的宾语通常是比赛 (match, game, competition)，奖牌、奖品(a medal or prize)、战争 (war) 或荣誉等，而不能接竞争对手。
3) earn 赢得，挣得，表示通过工作等获得钱财和利益或经过努力获得地位和荣誉等。
4) seize 用来表示“夺取城市。”
【即时操练】
1) Jack is so good at football that I have never_______________ her.
2) Helping others all the time_____________ him the respect of all.
3) Which team do you know will _____________the football match?
4) The rain is _____________against the windows all the day.
答案：1) defeated / beaten 2) earned 3) win 4) beating
3. while conj. & n. \
1) 当……时候，在此期间
I was reading while you were drying your hair.
While I was in China I visited the Great Wall.
2) 虽然
While I accept that he’s not perfect, I do actually quite like the man.
3) 而，但是
He gets six thousand yuan a year while I only get five hundred yuan.
Jack is very extrovert and confident while his brother is shy and quiet.
4) 一会儿 (一点) 时间
I have stayed here for a short while.
You were there quite a while (= a long time), weren’t you?
I’ll be fine in a while (= soon).
4. impact n. & v.
1) 影响，冲击；影响
例如：the impact of a collision 碰撞时的冲击
The bomb exploded on impact.炸弹在撞击时爆炸了。
2) impact v. 对……发生影响
例如：Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country’s economy quite considerably.
出口率的下降已经极大地影响了国家经济的发展。
【联想发散】
have an impact on sth.=have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth.
5. responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的
例如：be responsible for sth. / doing sth. 承担责任；对……负责
All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 所有飞行员均应对乘客的安全负责。
responsibilityn.\职责，义务， 责任，负责
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday’s bomb attack.
恐怖分子已经宣称对昨天的炸弹袭击负责。
【联想发散】
response n. 回答，答复—responsible adj. 负责的—responsibly adv. 明事理地，合乎理性地，可信赖地—responsibility n. 责任，义务
【高考链接】
The government plans to bring in new laws _____________parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)
A. forcedB. forcing
C. to be forcedD. having forced
答案：B。
6. carry sth. out完成，实现，贯彻，执行
例如：Don’t blame me; I’m only carrying out my orders/instructions. 不要怪我，我只是执行命令而已。
【高考链接】
1） The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________the next year. (2000全国卷)
A. carry outB. carrying out
C. carried outD. to carry out
2） The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was _____________on the radio yesterday. (2007福建卷)
A. turned outB. found out
C. given outD. carried out
答案：1） C 2） C