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国际司法机构的兴起是现代国际法最重大的进展之一。中外学界一般认为,其源头始于1899年和1907年的两次海牙和会,其后的所有发展都是海牙和会所开启之进程的延续。这种看法与实践并不完全吻合。裁判人权、国际刑事或国际公务员案件的国际法庭或法院,在性质、原则及结构体制上都与国际法院等所谓海牙法庭存在很大差异。它们有着自己的演进路径,其源头不是海牙和会,而是1919年的凡尔赛和会。海牙和会代表了国家间基础上的横向权力结构,而凡尔赛和会则是纵向的、有组织的现代国际社会兴起的标志。现代国际社会在可预见的将来仍会维持这种二元结构,这也就决定了国际司法机构在相当长的时间内仍会分别沿着不同的路径继续发展。
The rise of international judicial institutions is one of the most significant advances in modern international law. Chinese and foreign scholars generally believe that the two Hague tribunals, whose origins began in 1899 and 1907, all followed a continuation of the process initiated by The Hague and its clubs. This view and practice do not exactly match. International tribunals or courts of human rights, international criminal or international civil service cases differ greatly in their nature, principle and structure from the so-called Hague Tribunal, such as the International Court of Justice. They have their own evolutionary path, not the source of the Hague Peace Conference, but the Versailles Peace Conference of 1919. The Hague and the Peace Conference represent the horizontal power structure based on the state. The Versailles Peace Conference is a symbol of the rise of a vertical and organized modern international community. In the foreseeable future, the modern international community will still maintain this dual structure, which will determine that the international judicial institutions will still continue to develop along different paths for quite a long period of time.