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本文聚焦指示语义成分,对汉语二语学习者混用的路径动词的词义进行分析。首先确定了两类与指示相关的路径动词混用:指示与无指示路径动词的混用、趋近与背离路径动词的混用。然后从语言类型学视角观察混用倾向,发现学习者混用指示与无指示路径动词普遍出现于述宾结构和连动结构中,仅有印尼语者使用无指示路径光杆动词,遗漏宾语;而混用趋近与背离路径动词普遍出现于兼语结构和述宾结构中,但在述宾结构中,宾语的类型不完全相同。最后,通过跨语言比较分析路径动词混用的原因,发现学习者混用指示与无指示路径动词是因为不明晰汉语词的语义差异,并受到汉语连动结构和母语指示编码策略的影响;混用趋近和背离路径动词主要受到汉语兼语结构和母语词用法的影响。
This paper focuses on the semantic components of instruction, and analyzes the meanings of path verbs mixed with Chinese L2 learners. First of all, we determine two kinds of path verbs mixed with instructions: the mixture of verbs with and without verbs, the mixture of approaching and deviating verbs. Then from the perspective of linguistic typology, we observe the mixed tendency. It is found that verbal mixed verb and non-verbal path appear generally in the verb-object structure and conjunct structure. Only Indonesian speakers use the verb-free path verb and omitted the object. Near verbs and deviant verbs generally appear in the double language structure and the verb-object structure, but the object types in the verb-object structure are not exactly the same. Finally, by comparing and analyzing the reasons for the mixed verbs in cross-linguistic comparison, it is found that the learners mix the verbs with and without pointers because of the unclear semantic differences between the Chinese words and the Chinese conjunctive structure and mother-tongue coding strategies. And deviation from the path verbs are mainly affected by the use of both Chinese and mother tongue.