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含铅量在20％以上、添加元素在3％以下的铜基轴承合金,一般称为铜铅合金。铜铅合金是目前国内外制造中、高速和中、大功率发动机滑动轴承（即轴瓦）的最主要的减摩材料之一。由于铜铅合金耐疲劳强度较高,承载能力较大,导热性好,耐热性优良,当其表面覆以镀层时,还具有较好的耐腐蚀性、抗咬合性、顺应性和嵌藏性等表面性能,因此得到十分广泛的应用。然而,铜铅合金的上述这些优良性能,只有当合金具有良好的金相组织时才有可能得到充分发挥。影响铜铅轴承合金金相组织的因素很多,如化学成分、制造工艺、添加元素等,但添加元素对合金的金相组织有特殊的作用。本文在扼要叙述铜铅合金的结晶过程及其特点的基础上,介绍各种添加元素对合金组织和性能的影响。
Containing more than 20% lead, adding elements below 3% of copper-based bearing alloy, commonly known as copper-lead alloy. Copper-lead alloy is currently one of the most important antifriction materials for manufacturing medium and high-speed, medium-sized and medium-power engine sliding bearings (ie, bearing bushings) at home and abroad. As the copper-lead alloy high fatigue resistance, high load capacity, good thermal conductivity, excellent heat resistance, when the surface is coated with a coating, but also has good corrosion resistance, seizure resistance, compliance and embedding Sexual and other surface properties, it has been a very wide range of applications. However, these excellent properties of copper-lead alloys described above are only likely to be fully exerted if the alloy has a good microstructure. Many factors affect the microstructure of copper-lead bearing alloy, such as chemical composition, manufacturing process, add elements, but the addition of elements on the alloy’s microstructure has a special role. This article briefly describes the crystallization process of copper-lead alloy and its characteristics, based on the introduction of various additives on the microstructure and properties of the alloy.