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危险与可操作性(HAZOP)分析技术自问世以来,作为定性的风险分析方法广泛应用于各个领域,许多发达国家已经立法强制其在工程建设项目中推广应用。近年来,随着该技术的完善,其量化分析已成为一种趋势。精馏-膜耦合分离作为一种新开发的高效节能分离方法,主要用于分离普通精馏难以分离的重要体系,例如共沸体系、存在浓度夹点的体系、挥发度相近的体系,然而至今没有文献对其危险与可操作性进行分析。针对乙烯/乙烷精馏-膜耦合分离系统,结合课题组基于UniSim Design软件开发的Membrane Extension模块建立耦合系统模拟模型,将HAZOP分析方法与过程模拟相结合对精馏-膜耦合系统进行HAZOP量化分析。选定精馏塔工艺参数进料温度、进料流量、侧线采出量为考察对象,分析不同程度的偏差对系统的影响。基于模拟结果,首先依据耦合系统中各个设备的安全操作范围,对HAZOP分析偏差进行量化分级,得出了参数的安全阈值和偏差等级。其次对该系统进行HAZOP分析结果的量化,依据偏差等级分析不同程度偏差产生的原因、可能导致的后果以及后果的严重程度,并根据事故发生的可能性和严重程度,得到事故的风险等级,最后通过HAZOP分析偏差和分析结果的量化得出乙烯/乙烷精馏-膜耦合分离系统的HAZOP量化分析报告。
Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis technology has been widely used in various fields as a qualitative risk analysis method since its publication. Many developed countries have legislated to force it to be popularized and applied in engineering construction projects. In recent years, with the improvement of the technology, its quantitative analysis has become a trend. Distillation-Membrane Coupling Separation As a newly developed energy-efficient separation method, it is mainly used for separation of important systems that are difficult to separate by ordinary rectification, such as azeotropic systems, systems with pinch points and systems with similar volatility, No literature has analyzed its danger and maneuverability. Aimed at the ethylene / ethane distillation-membrane coupling separation system, a simulation model of the coupled system based on the Membrane Extension module developed by UniSim Design Software was established. The HAZOP quantification was performed by combining the HAZOP analysis and process simulation analysis. Selected distillation column process parameters of feed temperature, feed flow, the amount of lateral extraction for the inspection object, analysis of different degrees of deviation on the system. Based on the simulation results, firstly, based on the safe operating range of each device in the coupled system, the analytical deviations of HAZOP are quantified and classified, and the safety thresholds and deviation levels of the parameters are obtained. Secondly, the results of HAZOP analysis of the system were quantified. According to the level of deviation, the causes of different degrees of deviation, the possible consequences as well as the severity of the consequences were analyzed. The risk level of the accident was obtained according to the possibility and severity of the accident. Finally, The HAZOP quantification analysis report of the ethylene / ethane distillation-membrane coupled separation system is obtained through the quantification of the analytical deviations of HAZOP and the analytical results.