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沙打旺(Astraglus adsurgens Pall)是我国优良的豆科牧草之一。有高度的抗寒,耐早,耐瘠薄,抗风沙能力,是北方地区水土保持及快速绿化荒山的先锋草种。但沙打旺生育期长达186天左右,在年平均气温低于10℃、无霜期少于160天的地区不结籽或结籽较少,不能自落自生,草地不能天然更新,6—8年以后逐渐衰亡。这就极大地限制了沙打旺绿化荒山的作用。所以解决沙打旺在寒冷地区结籽问题,有迫切的现实性。我们从1980年开始用辐射方法处理沙打旺干种子和越冬芽,诱发早熟突变,进行沙打旺早熟品种选育研究。到1984年经过五代(5年)的选育,已选出比未处理的原种沙打旺早开花(早熟)60天以上的特早熟稳定品种6个,定名为科辐一号、科辐二号、科辐四号、科辐六号、科辐十号和科辐十二号。这6个品种表现出开花(成熟)早,产籽、产草量高,抗逆性强,植株性状好等特点。由于性状相近,以科辐一号、科辐二号和科辐六号为代表加以介绍。
Astraglus adsurgens Pall is one of the fine legume forage in our country. A high degree of cold resistance, resistance to early, barren, wind sand capacity, is the pioneer of soil and water conservation and rapid afforestation in northern grass. However, the growth period of Astragalus adsurgens is about 186 days. The average annual temperature is less than 10 ℃. The areas with frost-free period of less than 160 days have no seeds or fewer seeds and can not be self-destructive. Grasslands can not be naturally renewed. After years of decline. This greatly limits the role of the green barren hills. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of sowning seed in the cold areas. We started from 1980 to deal with the Radix Astragalus seeds and overwintering buds, induced early mutation, the early breeding of Astragalus breeding research. By 1984, after five generations of breeding (5 years), 6 precocious stable varieties that were more than 60 days old earlier than untreated sativa were selected and designated as Kexun-1, On the 2nd, Branch Radiation on the 4th, Branch Radius on the 6th, Branch Radius on the 10th and Section Radius on the 12th. These six varieties showed flowering (mature) early, seed, high yield, strong resistance, plant traits and so on. Due to the similar traits, we will introduce them as Kexun-1, Kexun-2 and Kexu-6.