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监测具有潜在威胁的小麦秆锈病病原菌小种动态并分析其毒力谱变化,是培育抗病品种不可或缺的基础工作。在小麦秆锈病鲜有发生的情况下,于2012–2013年获得小麦田间秆锈病标样11份和经有性生殖过程的禾柄锈菌小麦专化型菌样22份。上述菌样经过分离、纯化,得到了53个单孢子堆菌株。利用国内最新采用的禾柄锈菌小麦专化型小种与毒力鉴别寄主体系进行分析,鉴定出13个生理小种,其中34C3RTGQM和34Oro II-MRGQM为优势小种,出现频率均为13.2%,首次发现了对Sr5+Sr11具有联合毒力的6个新小种,其出现频率处在1.9%–13.2%范围内。同时测定出Sr9e、Sr26、Sr31、Sr33、Sr37、Sr38、Sr47和Sr Tt3等8个抗秆锈病单基因对全部供试菌株表现抗病,余下40个单基因系则分别表现对1个以上至全部菌株感病。结论:(1)首次报道了6个对Sr5+Sr11具有危险性的联合毒力谱的新小种类型,这类毒力类型应当被密切关注;(2)明确了当前完全有效的8个抗秆锈病基因和其他部分有效的抗病基因;(3)初步说明了有性循环菌株与无性循环菌株在毒力结构上存在差异。
Monitoring the dynamic potential of wheat seedling rust pathogen races and analyzing their changes in virulence spectrum is an indispensable basis for breeding resistant varieties. In the rare case of wheat stem rust, 11 samples of wheat stem rust in wheat field and 22 wheat specific strain of wheat rust were obtained during sexual reproduction in 2012-2013. After isolating and purifying the above bacteria samples, 53 monospore bacterial strains were obtained. Thirteen physiological races were identified using the latest wheat raceme of P. typhi and virulence identification host system. Among them, 34C3RTGQM and 34Oro II-MRGQM were the dominant races with frequency of 13.2% , For the first time found six new races that have a combined virulence on Sr5 + Sr11 and their frequency of occurrence ranged from 1.9% to 13.2%. At the same time, 8 anti-stem rust single genes such as Sr9e, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47 and Sr Tt3 were found to be resistant to all the tested strains. The remaining 40 single gene lines showed resistance to more than one All strains susceptible. Conclusions: (1) For the first time, six new races of joint virulence spectrum that are dangerous for Sr5 + Sr11 have been reported. These types of virulence should be closely watched. (2) Stem rust gene and other part of the effective resistance genes; (3) Preliminary description of the sexually circulating strains and asexual cycling strains in the virulence structure differences.