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The increasingly worsening environmental problems bring a storm of using and promoting new energy vehicles. In May 2013, the “Apple” in auto industry – Tesla, an American electric vehicle brand, achieved the first quarterly profit in ten years, which convinced the market of electric vehicles and launched the beautiful tomorrow of new energy vehicles.
Splendid emergence of Tesla
Tesla, founded in 2003, is famous for producing battery electric vehicles. Due to the advantages of little pollution, little emission and low energy consumption, it has become the most successful brand of electric vehicles in the world. According to statistics, Tesla delivered more than 20,000 vehicles globally, among which over 18,000 vehicles were sold in native market in America, ranking third in sales volume. The substantial market shares established the basis of new energy vehicle development in America and had reference value for other countries.
Tesla is a kind of pure battery electric vehicles using lithium batteries of light weight and high energy and power density instead of lead-acid cells. China Business Network reported: “Tesla’s power transmission system is controlled by digital signals. After redesigning the circuit, firmware, and control algorithm, it can control input current and voltage more accurately and quickly and reduce the power consumption in car accelerating or under the condition of low temperature.” As one of the few successful battery electric vehicles in the world, Tesla has the cruising ability of four to five hundred kilometers, which is indeed favorable by the buyers. Of course, the emergence of Tesla not only lets the world see the new direction of the development of the auto industry, but also to a certain extent alleviates the pressure of environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of fueling cars.
It is reported that Tesla has a total of 34 stores around the world. At the beginning of 2014, Tesla officially enters China in the means of hunger marketing. Since Tesla’s opening in Parkview Green in Beijing, China in November 2013, crowds of people have come to visit the store. A security analyst predicted boldly in an interview with the media: “Tesla will set an example for China's new energy auto industry and tell the market how much space for imagination new energy auto industry will have.”
Non-ignorable environmental problems
Nowadays, people all attribute the frequent phenomena of sea level rise, global warming, all kinds of photochemical smog and haze to the “automobile exhaust”. Then, automobile exhaust becomes the focus of people’s concerns. Automobile exhaust pollution is a global problem and is not a new topic. As the name implies, automobile exhaust pollution is environmental pollution caused by the automobile exhaust emissions. The main pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, lead compounds, etc. According to relevant experts, “automobile exhaust accounted for 30-60% of air pollution at the beginning of the 21st century.” With the increasing number of cars year by year, the destructive impact on the global environment is becoming more and more prominent. The harm on urban residential environment is the most obvious, such as high ozone content in air, aggravating urban heat island effect, etc. Since the 1940s, multiple cities like Los Angeles, Tokyo have had events of photochemical smog, which caused huge economic loss and a large number of casualties.
Automobile exhaust even has damage on human’s respiratory system, circulatory system and nervous system. Carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust is extremely toxic. Once inhaled, it will cause a headache and dizziness to a light extent and lead to permanent damage to brain cells to a severe extent. At the same time, nitrogen oxide in automobile exhaust is the killer of human respiratory system. If it is inhaled for long time, it will easily cause bronchitis, pulmonary edema, etc. In addition, the automobile exhaust will lead to conjunctival inflammation, eye swelling, eye pain and other symptoms in eye. Besides, Deputy Researcher of University of Chinese Medicine Pu Zhaohe said, “According to a new study in the United States, pregnant women who live in areas with much carbon monoxide or suspended particulate matter have 10% - 25% higher risk of premature delivery than those live in less polluted areas. The research also confirms the main pollutants are closely related to the automobile exhaust.”
Currently, most cars sold on the market are driven by gasoline and diesel. Although countries all over the world have made many efforts to reduce the harmful substance in vehicle exhaust emissions, they still can't solve the effects that automobile exhaust pollution has on the global environment. The emergence and promotion of new energy vehicles represented by Tesla undoubtedly has brought a breath of fresh air to people's living space.
Origin of new energy vehicles
Improving air quality and accelerating the development of new energy automotive industry seem to be more urgent after Tesla becomes fashionable in the whole world. What are new energy vehicles? According to the explanation of Baidu encyclopedia: “New energy vehicles refer to those vehicles with advanced technology principle, new technology and new structure that use unconventional vehicle fuels as power sources (or use conventional vehicle fuels with new types of vehicle power equipment) and are integrated with advanced technology in power control and drive integrated vehicle dynamics control and drive.” It is reported that battery electric vehicles (BEV, including solar powered vehicles), hydrogen energy vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hybrid cars and cars using other new energy (such as high-efficiency accumulator, dimethyl ether) all belong to the category of new energy vehicles. Before 2006, in terms of the development of new energy vehicles, countries are in the hesitant stage. In addition to Japan’s insistence on the research and development, other countries take a wait-and-see attitude. In 2007, with the increasingly serious environment problems, and the needs of the development of the industry, countries introduced various policies to support the new energy automotive industry, which laid the foundations of steady development of the new energy vehicles. “A single spark can start a prairie fire.” From 2012 on, countries around the world intensified the control of the emissions of carbon dioxide and continued to strengthen the policy support and consumer subsidies for new energy vehicles, so that new energy automobile industry chains were gradually improved and made some significant achievements. One of the most representative achievements is that Tesla began to have quarterly profits in 2013.
Nowadays, most countries in the world have battery electric vehicles, such as Tesla in the U.S., “Blue On” in Korea, Toyota RAV4 and IQ in Japan, Audi A3 e-tron in Germany and BYD E6 in China.
“Best game no one plays”
“Best game no one plays” may be one dilemma of the market of new energy vehicles. The advantages of new energy vehicles are high speed, light sound and good dynamic property; the disadvantages are that cruising power and the price need to be improved. Some experts pointed out that the promotion of new energy vehicles inevitably face the dilemmas of “unsupported technologies and unmatched facilities”. Besides, frequent reports about battery electric vehicles on fire made a big impact on the struggling automobile market.
It was reported that in 2013 Tesla had three fire accidents in six weeks. In early February this year, a fire incident was reported in a private garage in Toronto, Canada. In 2012 in China, after a series of fires of battery electric vehicle such as BYD E6 was crashed and burst into flames and low-speed electric car had spontaneous combustion in Loudi Hunan, people began to worry about the safety of the battery electric vehicles. Professor of Automotive Engineering and Director of Electric Vehicle Office of Tsinghua University Chen Quanshi: “Safety should be put in the first place in the design and operation of electric vehicles; the standards of battery system in the country or industry level should be improved as soon as possible; enterprise should improve the safety standards of electric vehicles and power battery based on the characteristics of their own products.” Battery electric vehicles depend on the “electric technology”. Vehicle batteries mainly use the rechargeable batteries including lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, nickel metal hydride battery or lithium ion battery to provide power. Even after hundreds of years of development, nowadays, the shortcomings of electric cars on the market are mainly reflected in short-life battery, high cost and incomplete supporting facilities.
Executive Vice President of Development Research Institute of Automotive Engineering of Tsinghua University and Deputy Director of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Song Jian said: “A battery electric car needs 50 KWh. If 1 KWh needs 10 KG batteries, then 50 KWh will need 500 KG batteries, but the cruising ability is only 200 km.” It is known that the current new energy vehicles can provide the best cruising ability of about 400-500 km at most. “Some studies have shown that the cruising ability of electric car can reach the mileage of a case of gasoline. The battery charging time even can be done within a minute or two. But these are confined to the laboratory tests. It is difficult to carry out in the commercial field.” Deputy Director of Green and Low Carbon Development Research Center of Zhejiang University of Technology and Zhejiang Zhong Tai New Energy Vehicles in China Wu Weiqiang said. Previously it was reported that South Korea would launch rechargeable battery material which needs only a minute to charge, but it was questioned by many experts.
If the coverage of new energy vehicles reaches the percentage of over 50% to response to the need of energy saving and reduction of emission, the charging problems of electric vehicles are inevitable. Charging stations are not available or there are long queues at charging stations. In this case, taking account of the time cost, it is possible that many car owners will stop using electric vehicles. “In the process of the development of new energy vehicles, charging stations are the most important devices,” said Dr. Wang Gang from Automotive Engineering School of Shandong Jiaotong University. However, even for America, whose development of electric vehicles is at the forefront, the supporting devices also fall behind. According to media, there is a shortage of charging devices of electric vehicles in America, especially in Silicon Valley. “Right now, there are about 1,800 staff owning electric vehicles, but there are only 16 chargers available.” In addition, charging stations are gradually built in countries like China, Singapore, South Korea and Brazil. There is still a long way to go to achieve good conditions that charging can be available at any time and any places. At the same time, price is a critical element for consumers to determine whether they will accept it or not. “It is too expensive and not convenient for use. For the pure electric vehicles like the Nissan Leaf and BYD E6, the price is near hundreds of thousands and this is unaffordable for ordinary families,” said Xiao Min, a citizen of Changchun. It is understood that the price of the mechanic devices of BYD E6 excluding battery is only fifty or sixty thousand RMB, while the price of an electric vehicle of BYD has reached over two hundred thousand not to mention Atlas positioned as luxury vehicles. The high cost of batteries is an important reason. It is worth mentioning that the replacement cost of batteries of electric vehicles is also very high. The money for replacement of batteries is enough for a fuel car. Karl-Thomas Neumann, General Manager of Ampera, General Motos, said: “We lose money on every Ampera electric vehicle as the technology of electric vehicles is far too expensive.”
In addition, many experts think that if the abandoned batteries of electric vehicles cannot be recycled and reused, the original hope of achieving environment protection will not be realized. The heavy metal contained in abandoned batteries will pollute water resources and land resources to affect the planting of crops.
Splendid emergence of Tesla
Tesla, founded in 2003, is famous for producing battery electric vehicles. Due to the advantages of little pollution, little emission and low energy consumption, it has become the most successful brand of electric vehicles in the world. According to statistics, Tesla delivered more than 20,000 vehicles globally, among which over 18,000 vehicles were sold in native market in America, ranking third in sales volume. The substantial market shares established the basis of new energy vehicle development in America and had reference value for other countries.
Tesla is a kind of pure battery electric vehicles using lithium batteries of light weight and high energy and power density instead of lead-acid cells. China Business Network reported: “Tesla’s power transmission system is controlled by digital signals. After redesigning the circuit, firmware, and control algorithm, it can control input current and voltage more accurately and quickly and reduce the power consumption in car accelerating or under the condition of low temperature.” As one of the few successful battery electric vehicles in the world, Tesla has the cruising ability of four to five hundred kilometers, which is indeed favorable by the buyers. Of course, the emergence of Tesla not only lets the world see the new direction of the development of the auto industry, but also to a certain extent alleviates the pressure of environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of fueling cars.
It is reported that Tesla has a total of 34 stores around the world. At the beginning of 2014, Tesla officially enters China in the means of hunger marketing. Since Tesla’s opening in Parkview Green in Beijing, China in November 2013, crowds of people have come to visit the store. A security analyst predicted boldly in an interview with the media: “Tesla will set an example for China's new energy auto industry and tell the market how much space for imagination new energy auto industry will have.”
Non-ignorable environmental problems
Nowadays, people all attribute the frequent phenomena of sea level rise, global warming, all kinds of photochemical smog and haze to the “automobile exhaust”. Then, automobile exhaust becomes the focus of people’s concerns. Automobile exhaust pollution is a global problem and is not a new topic. As the name implies, automobile exhaust pollution is environmental pollution caused by the automobile exhaust emissions. The main pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, lead compounds, etc. According to relevant experts, “automobile exhaust accounted for 30-60% of air pollution at the beginning of the 21st century.” With the increasing number of cars year by year, the destructive impact on the global environment is becoming more and more prominent. The harm on urban residential environment is the most obvious, such as high ozone content in air, aggravating urban heat island effect, etc. Since the 1940s, multiple cities like Los Angeles, Tokyo have had events of photochemical smog, which caused huge economic loss and a large number of casualties.
Automobile exhaust even has damage on human’s respiratory system, circulatory system and nervous system. Carbon monoxide in automobile exhaust is extremely toxic. Once inhaled, it will cause a headache and dizziness to a light extent and lead to permanent damage to brain cells to a severe extent. At the same time, nitrogen oxide in automobile exhaust is the killer of human respiratory system. If it is inhaled for long time, it will easily cause bronchitis, pulmonary edema, etc. In addition, the automobile exhaust will lead to conjunctival inflammation, eye swelling, eye pain and other symptoms in eye. Besides, Deputy Researcher of University of Chinese Medicine Pu Zhaohe said, “According to a new study in the United States, pregnant women who live in areas with much carbon monoxide or suspended particulate matter have 10% - 25% higher risk of premature delivery than those live in less polluted areas. The research also confirms the main pollutants are closely related to the automobile exhaust.”
Currently, most cars sold on the market are driven by gasoline and diesel. Although countries all over the world have made many efforts to reduce the harmful substance in vehicle exhaust emissions, they still can't solve the effects that automobile exhaust pollution has on the global environment. The emergence and promotion of new energy vehicles represented by Tesla undoubtedly has brought a breath of fresh air to people's living space.
Origin of new energy vehicles
Improving air quality and accelerating the development of new energy automotive industry seem to be more urgent after Tesla becomes fashionable in the whole world. What are new energy vehicles? According to the explanation of Baidu encyclopedia: “New energy vehicles refer to those vehicles with advanced technology principle, new technology and new structure that use unconventional vehicle fuels as power sources (or use conventional vehicle fuels with new types of vehicle power equipment) and are integrated with advanced technology in power control and drive integrated vehicle dynamics control and drive.” It is reported that battery electric vehicles (BEV, including solar powered vehicles), hydrogen energy vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hybrid cars and cars using other new energy (such as high-efficiency accumulator, dimethyl ether) all belong to the category of new energy vehicles. Before 2006, in terms of the development of new energy vehicles, countries are in the hesitant stage. In addition to Japan’s insistence on the research and development, other countries take a wait-and-see attitude. In 2007, with the increasingly serious environment problems, and the needs of the development of the industry, countries introduced various policies to support the new energy automotive industry, which laid the foundations of steady development of the new energy vehicles. “A single spark can start a prairie fire.” From 2012 on, countries around the world intensified the control of the emissions of carbon dioxide and continued to strengthen the policy support and consumer subsidies for new energy vehicles, so that new energy automobile industry chains were gradually improved and made some significant achievements. One of the most representative achievements is that Tesla began to have quarterly profits in 2013.
Nowadays, most countries in the world have battery electric vehicles, such as Tesla in the U.S., “Blue On” in Korea, Toyota RAV4 and IQ in Japan, Audi A3 e-tron in Germany and BYD E6 in China.
“Best game no one plays”
“Best game no one plays” may be one dilemma of the market of new energy vehicles. The advantages of new energy vehicles are high speed, light sound and good dynamic property; the disadvantages are that cruising power and the price need to be improved. Some experts pointed out that the promotion of new energy vehicles inevitably face the dilemmas of “unsupported technologies and unmatched facilities”. Besides, frequent reports about battery electric vehicles on fire made a big impact on the struggling automobile market.
It was reported that in 2013 Tesla had three fire accidents in six weeks. In early February this year, a fire incident was reported in a private garage in Toronto, Canada. In 2012 in China, after a series of fires of battery electric vehicle such as BYD E6 was crashed and burst into flames and low-speed electric car had spontaneous combustion in Loudi Hunan, people began to worry about the safety of the battery electric vehicles. Professor of Automotive Engineering and Director of Electric Vehicle Office of Tsinghua University Chen Quanshi: “Safety should be put in the first place in the design and operation of electric vehicles; the standards of battery system in the country or industry level should be improved as soon as possible; enterprise should improve the safety standards of electric vehicles and power battery based on the characteristics of their own products.” Battery electric vehicles depend on the “electric technology”. Vehicle batteries mainly use the rechargeable batteries including lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, nickel metal hydride battery or lithium ion battery to provide power. Even after hundreds of years of development, nowadays, the shortcomings of electric cars on the market are mainly reflected in short-life battery, high cost and incomplete supporting facilities.
Executive Vice President of Development Research Institute of Automotive Engineering of Tsinghua University and Deputy Director of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Song Jian said: “A battery electric car needs 50 KWh. If 1 KWh needs 10 KG batteries, then 50 KWh will need 500 KG batteries, but the cruising ability is only 200 km.” It is known that the current new energy vehicles can provide the best cruising ability of about 400-500 km at most. “Some studies have shown that the cruising ability of electric car can reach the mileage of a case of gasoline. The battery charging time even can be done within a minute or two. But these are confined to the laboratory tests. It is difficult to carry out in the commercial field.” Deputy Director of Green and Low Carbon Development Research Center of Zhejiang University of Technology and Zhejiang Zhong Tai New Energy Vehicles in China Wu Weiqiang said. Previously it was reported that South Korea would launch rechargeable battery material which needs only a minute to charge, but it was questioned by many experts.
If the coverage of new energy vehicles reaches the percentage of over 50% to response to the need of energy saving and reduction of emission, the charging problems of electric vehicles are inevitable. Charging stations are not available or there are long queues at charging stations. In this case, taking account of the time cost, it is possible that many car owners will stop using electric vehicles. “In the process of the development of new energy vehicles, charging stations are the most important devices,” said Dr. Wang Gang from Automotive Engineering School of Shandong Jiaotong University. However, even for America, whose development of electric vehicles is at the forefront, the supporting devices also fall behind. According to media, there is a shortage of charging devices of electric vehicles in America, especially in Silicon Valley. “Right now, there are about 1,800 staff owning electric vehicles, but there are only 16 chargers available.” In addition, charging stations are gradually built in countries like China, Singapore, South Korea and Brazil. There is still a long way to go to achieve good conditions that charging can be available at any time and any places. At the same time, price is a critical element for consumers to determine whether they will accept it or not. “It is too expensive and not convenient for use. For the pure electric vehicles like the Nissan Leaf and BYD E6, the price is near hundreds of thousands and this is unaffordable for ordinary families,” said Xiao Min, a citizen of Changchun. It is understood that the price of the mechanic devices of BYD E6 excluding battery is only fifty or sixty thousand RMB, while the price of an electric vehicle of BYD has reached over two hundred thousand not to mention Atlas positioned as luxury vehicles. The high cost of batteries is an important reason. It is worth mentioning that the replacement cost of batteries of electric vehicles is also very high. The money for replacement of batteries is enough for a fuel car. Karl-Thomas Neumann, General Manager of Ampera, General Motos, said: “We lose money on every Ampera electric vehicle as the technology of electric vehicles is far too expensive.”
In addition, many experts think that if the abandoned batteries of electric vehicles cannot be recycled and reused, the original hope of achieving environment protection will not be realized. The heavy metal contained in abandoned batteries will pollute water resources and land resources to affect the planting of crops.