当代生活中的文学艺术越来越具有边缘化的倾向,它接受了虚无主义的立场,融入大众文化工业,成为日常消费的一部分。具有后现代特征的大众文化以其贪婪的消费性吞噬人类文化的资源,将早期现代主义精英对现实的批判视为唐吉诃德式的虚幻挑战,以回避精神生活,沉溺现世享乐的玩世态度消解人文主义传统,这与20世纪80年代中国知识分子对精神生活的关注形成鲜明对比。上世纪90年代以来,中国社会发生了深刻的变化,市场化进程急遽加快,实利主义之风猛烈。一方面是意识形态的弱化,另一方面是精神生活的觉醒。精神生活有两个最鲜明的特点,就是基于个人自由的自觉性和基于终极关怀的超越性。精神生活所寻求的是生命意义,被寻求的这个意义往往体现为某种超越于世俗的肉身生活和社会生活的精神价值,因而对之的寻求和守护往往具有终极关怀的性质。意识形态 Literature and art in contemporary life are more and more marginalized. They accept the nihilistic position and integrate themselves into the mass culture industry and become part of daily consumption. With its postmodernistic mass culture, it swallowed the resources of human culture with its greedy consumerism. The critique of the early modernist elites as reality queried Don Quixote ’s illusory challenge to evade the spiritual life and indulge in the cynical enjoyment of the world The attitude of dispelling the tradition of humanism is in stark contrast to the Chinese intellectuals’ concern for spiritual life in the 1980s. Since the 1990s, profound changes have taken place in Chinese society. The process of marketization hastened rapidly and the tide of materialism was fierce. On the one hand, it is the weakening of ideology and the awakening of spiritual life on the other. There are two most distinctive features of spiritual life, which are based on the awareness of individual freedom and the transcendence of ultimate care. What the spiritual life seeks is the meaning of life. The meaning sought is often manifested in some spiritual value which surpasses secular physical and social life, so seeking and guarding it often has the ultimate concern. Ideology