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对湘江流域草鱼群体,一代及连续两代极体型人工诱导雌核发育草鱼群体基因组DNA的微卫星引物统计分析结果表明:湘江流域草鱼群体存在一定程度的遗传多态性;大多数被检测的微卫星位点上存在两个以上的等位基因,但遗传多样性程度较低。一代人工诱导雌核发育草鱼群体中个体的基因位点已基本纯合,但就整个群体而言,个体之间的基因型还不完全一致,表现出一定的多态性。连续两代人工诱导雌核发育草鱼群体中不仅所检测个体的基因位点已完全纯合,并且各个体的基因型也完全相同。这些观察结果说明所检测的两代人工诱导雌核发育草鱼群体是纯合的,经连续两代人工诱导雌核发育可能建立起草鱼纯系。该实验结果还发现不仅草鱼的微卫星位点上存在等位基因的多态性,而且微卫星位点本身也存在多态性;在人工诱导草鱼雌核发育的过程中不仅存在微卫星等位基因快速丢失的现象,而且也存在微卫星位点丢失的现象。因此,加强对自然水体中草鱼种质资源多样性的保护和利用各种现代生物学技术纯化、筛选和组合优良性状基因,是草鱼遗传育种中同样重要和不可或缺的两个方面。
The results of microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA of grass carp (Carassius auratus) population in grass carp, generation and two successive generations of polar body induced gynogenetic grass carp showed that there was a certain degree of genetic polymorphism in grass carp populations in the Xiangjiang River basin. Most of the detected microsatellite There are more than two alleles at the satellite site, but the genetic diversity is low. Genes of artificially induced gynogenetic grass carp populations in one generation have basically homozygous loci, but in the whole population, the genotypes of individuals are not yet completely consistent and show some polymorphism. In two consecutive generations of artificially induced gynogenetic grass carp populations, not only the loci of individuals tested were completely homozygous, but also the genotypes of each individual were identical. These observations indicate that the tested two generations of artificially induced gynogenetic grass carp populations were homozygous and that pure grass carp could be established after two consecutive generations of artificially induced gynogenetic development. The results also showed that not only polymorphism of microsatellite locus in grass carp but also polymorphism in microsatellite locus itself. In the process of artificial induction of gynogenetic gynogenes, not only microsatellite locus The phenomenon of rapid loss of genes, but also the phenomenon of microsatellite loci missing. Therefore, it is equally important and indispensable to strengthen the conservation and utilization of the diversity of grass carp fish germplasm resources in natural water and to use various modern biological techniques to purify, screen and combine the excellent trait genes.