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用情态动词表示“许可”是初中英语重点语法项目之一,也是中考考查热点之一。表示“许可”的情态动词常见的有:can, could, may, might等。为了帮助同学们更好地运用情态动词表示“许可”,现将近几年全国部分省、市中考英语试卷中相关的考查热点归纳、小结如下。
焦点一:考查can表示“请求、许可”及其应答
can表示“请求、许可”时,相当于may,但语气没有may严肃。常见的句型结构是:Can I …?,意思是“我可以 / 能……吗?”口语中常用,指非正式的请求许可,其回答比较灵活。肯定回答常见的有:Yes, you can. / Yes, please. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure.等。否定回答常见的有:No, you can’t / mustn’t. / Sorry, … / I’m afraid not.等。
例1—Can I have a look at your photo,Pingping? —Certainly.
平平我能看一看你的照片吗? 当然可以。
例2—Can I use your ruler? —Sorry, I’m using it myself.
我能用一下你的尺子吗?对不起,我正在用呢。
[中考链接]
1. —I can’t find my pen. Can I use yours? —Sorry, I _____ it now.
(2004年浙江省)
A. am using B. was using C. have used D. used
2. —Can I get you a drink? —_____. I have already got one. (2005年甘肃省)
A. That’s very nice of youB. No, you don’t have to
C. Yes, pleaseD. With pleasure
焦点二:考查could表示“请求、许可”及其应答
could是can的过去式,但这里并不表示过去时态。它表示“请求、许可”时,用于疑问句中,语气比can委婉、客气,常见的句型结构是:Could I…?其肯定、否定回答与 may / can引导的疑问句相同,不能用Yes, you could. / No, you couldn’t.作答。
例1—Could I ask you a question? —Of course.
我可以问你一个问题吗?当然。
例2—Could I go with you? —No, you can’t.
我可以和你一起去吗?不用了。
[中考链接]
3. —Hello! Could I speak to Mr. Smith?
— _____. Please call back later. (2005年山西省)
A. Wait a minuteB. Hold on for a moment
C. Speaking D. Sorry, he isn’t in
4. —Could I look at your pictures? —Yes, of course you _____.
A. could B. can C. will D. might(2003年武汉市)
5. — Could I call you by the first name? — Yes, you _____.(2005年无锡市)
A. willB. couldC. mightD. may
焦点三:考查may表示“许可”和“请求许可”及其应答
may表示“许可”和“请求许可”时,相当于 be allowed / permitted,与can的意思相近,但是语气比can严肃。句型结构是:May I …?其肯定回答有:Yes,you may./ Please. / Help yourself. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure. 等。 其否定回答有:No, you can’t / mustn’t. 或Sorry, but …等。
例1—May I go out and play?—Yes. But you must finish your homework.
我可以出去玩一玩吗?可以,但是你必须把家庭作业做好。
例2—May I bring my dog here?—No, you mustn’t.
我可以把小狗带来吗?不行。
[中考链接]
6. —Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?
Oh, sorry.But I don’t know. You _____ go and ask the policeman over there.
A. mayB. mustC. wouldD. has to (2002年内蒙古自治区)
7. —Mum, I’ve finished my homework.I go out and play for a while?
—No, I’m afraid not. I have some other exercises for you. (2005年常州市)
A. MustB. MayC. WouldD. Will
8. —May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad? (2005年南京市)
—No, you . It is dangerous.
A. may notB. can’tC. needn’tD. don’t
焦点四:考查might表示“请求许可”及其应答
might用于疑问句中表示“请求许可”时,带有委婉、谦逊等色彩,很正式,但口语中很少用。其回答与can / may引导的疑问句相同。might用于间接引语中表示过去的“许可”。
例1—Might I ask a question? —No, you can’t.
我可以问你一个问题吗?不,你不能。
例2—Might I smoke here? —Certainly.
我可以在这儿抽烟吗?当然可以。
例3He asked me if he might go out.
他问我是否可以出去。
[中考链接]
9. _____ I ask you a question? Yes, please.
A. Must B. Need C. Might D. Have to
10.“Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon?” Tom said to his mother.(改为间接引语,每空一词)
Tom asked his mother _____ he _____ go out and play football that afternoon.
焦点一:考查can表示“请求、许可”及其应答
can表示“请求、许可”时,相当于may,但语气没有may严肃。常见的句型结构是:Can I …?,意思是“我可以 / 能……吗?”口语中常用,指非正式的请求许可,其回答比较灵活。肯定回答常见的有:Yes, you can. / Yes, please. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure.等。否定回答常见的有:No, you can’t / mustn’t. / Sorry, … / I’m afraid not.等。
例1—Can I have a look at your photo,Pingping? —Certainly.
平平我能看一看你的照片吗? 当然可以。
例2—Can I use your ruler? —Sorry, I’m using it myself.
我能用一下你的尺子吗?对不起,我正在用呢。
[中考链接]
1. —I can’t find my pen. Can I use yours? —Sorry, I _____ it now.
(2004年浙江省)
A. am using B. was using C. have used D. used
2. —Can I get you a drink? —_____. I have already got one. (2005年甘肃省)
A. That’s very nice of youB. No, you don’t have to
C. Yes, pleaseD. With pleasure
焦点二:考查could表示“请求、许可”及其应答
could是can的过去式,但这里并不表示过去时态。它表示“请求、许可”时,用于疑问句中,语气比can委婉、客气,常见的句型结构是:Could I…?其肯定、否定回答与 may / can引导的疑问句相同,不能用Yes, you could. / No, you couldn’t.作答。
例1—Could I ask you a question? —Of course.
我可以问你一个问题吗?当然。
例2—Could I go with you? —No, you can’t.
我可以和你一起去吗?不用了。
[中考链接]
3. —Hello! Could I speak to Mr. Smith?
— _____. Please call back later. (2005年山西省)
A. Wait a minuteB. Hold on for a moment
C. Speaking D. Sorry, he isn’t in
4. —Could I look at your pictures? —Yes, of course you _____.
A. could B. can C. will D. might(2003年武汉市)
5. — Could I call you by the first name? — Yes, you _____.(2005年无锡市)
A. willB. couldC. mightD. may
焦点三:考查may表示“许可”和“请求许可”及其应答
may表示“许可”和“请求许可”时,相当于 be allowed / permitted,与can的意思相近,但是语气比can严肃。句型结构是:May I …?其肯定回答有:Yes,you may./ Please. / Help yourself. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure. 等。 其否定回答有:No, you can’t / mustn’t. 或Sorry, but …等。
例1—May I go out and play?—Yes. But you must finish your homework.
我可以出去玩一玩吗?可以,但是你必须把家庭作业做好。
例2—May I bring my dog here?—No, you mustn’t.
我可以把小狗带来吗?不行。
[中考链接]
6. —Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?
Oh, sorry.But I don’t know. You _____ go and ask the policeman over there.
A. mayB. mustC. wouldD. has to (2002年内蒙古自治区)
7. —Mum, I’ve finished my homework.I go out and play for a while?
—No, I’m afraid not. I have some other exercises for you. (2005年常州市)
A. MustB. MayC. WouldD. Will
8. —May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad? (2005年南京市)
—No, you . It is dangerous.
A. may notB. can’tC. needn’tD. don’t
焦点四:考查might表示“请求许可”及其应答
might用于疑问句中表示“请求许可”时,带有委婉、谦逊等色彩,很正式,但口语中很少用。其回答与can / may引导的疑问句相同。might用于间接引语中表示过去的“许可”。
例1—Might I ask a question? —No, you can’t.
我可以问你一个问题吗?不,你不能。
例2—Might I smoke here? —Certainly.
我可以在这儿抽烟吗?当然可以。
例3He asked me if he might go out.
他问我是否可以出去。
[中考链接]
9. _____ I ask you a question? Yes, please.
A. Must B. Need C. Might D. Have to
10.“Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon?” Tom said to his mother.(改为间接引语,每空一词)
Tom asked his mother _____ he _____ go out and play football that afternoon.