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摘 要 目的:探讨持续腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血临床治疗效果。方法:收治创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者100例,随机分成对照组和观察组各50例,对照组采取间断腰椎穿刺生理盐水置换脑脊液。观察组采取持续腰大池引流治疗。结果:观察组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血6例,发生脑积水7例,发生脑梗死6例;对照组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血13例,发生脑积水16例,发生脑梗死12例。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组随访6个月,对照组良好22例,中残9例,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡10例;观察组良好30例,中残7例,重残3例,植物生存3例,死亡7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:持续腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效显著。
关键词 腰大池引流 创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血 腰椎穿刺
Abstract Objective:To study the effect of continuous lumbar cistern drainage in treatment of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods:We selected 100 cases of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients from 2010 June to 2013 June.These patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases in each.The control group adopted discontinuous lumbar puncture to exchange cerebrospinal fluid with physiological saline.The observation group adopted continuous lumbar cistern drainage.Results:The observation group occurred again subarachnoid hemorrhage in 6 patients, hydrocephalus in 7 cases and cerebral infarction in 6 cases.The control group occurred again subarachnoid hemorrhage in 13 patients,hydrocephalus in 16 cases and cerebral infarction in 12 cases.The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05).Follow up of 6 months,The control group patients had good effect 22 cases,moderate disability 9 cases,severe disability 5 cases,vegetative patient 4 cases and death 10 cases.The observation group patients had good effect 30 cases,moderate disability 7 cases,severe disability 3 cases,vegetative patient 3 cases and death 7 cases.The difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of continuous lumbar cistern drainage in the treatment of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is remarkable and is is worth spreading.
Key words Lumbar cistern drainage;Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage;Lumbar puncture
创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(TSA)临床上比较常见[1],是导致脑损伤后加重继发脑损伤的主要因素[2],及时正确的治疗对预后有着重要的意义。近年来,采用持续腰大池引流治疗取得了较好的临床效果,现报告如下。
资料与方法
2010年6月-2013年6月收治创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者100例,均经头颅CT确诊,其中男64例(64.0%),女36例(36.0%),男女之比1.78:1,年龄19~81岁,平均47.1岁。致伤因素:交通事故伤36例,坠落伤30例,击打伤24例,其他10例。其中重度出血74例,中度出血26例。随机分成对照组和观察组各50例,两组在年龄、性别、出血量等方面差异无统计学意义。
方法:对照组采取间断腰椎穿刺生理盐水置换脑脊液。观察组采取持续腰大池引流治疗,在局麻下选择L3~4椎间进行穿刺[3,4],穿刺成功后向头侧蛛网膜下腔置入麻醉导管深度3~6cm,导管尾端通过有调节阀门的引流管与无菌引流袋相接,控制引流的速度3~5滴/分,引流量150~400ml/24小时。持续引流至引流液清亮,颅内压连续2次监测正常;脑脊液检查蛋白:TP<0.8g/L,RBC<100×106/L,停止腰大池引流治疗。同时静脉微量泵入尼莫地平10mg/日,连续应用10天,临床症状稳定后改为尼莫地平片剂20mg口服,3次/日,共10天。
结 果
两组蛛网膜下腔再出血、脑积水、脑梗死比较:观察组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血6例,发生脑积水7例,发生脑梗死6例;对照组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血13例,发生脑积水16例,发生脑梗死12例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。 两组临床疗效比较:两组随访6个月,对照组良好22例,中残9例,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡10例;观察组良好30例,中残7例,重残3例,植物生存3例,死亡7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
讨 论
创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血可加重继发脑损伤,出现再出血、脑积水、脑血管痉挛、脑梗死,对颅脑损伤预后造成直接影响,导致病死率及致残率增加[5,6]。蛛网膜下腔出血后使得钙离子通道开放,钙离子大量流入神经细胞内,形成严重的钙超载,导致脑细胞凋亡,加重血管源性渗出,血脑屏障通透性增加,使疾病加重。
持续腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血可以早期迅速释放血性脑脊液,在生理压力下持续外引流,可以将蛛网膜下腔的血性脑脊液充分引流出来,显著减少血性刺激物,加速蛛网膜下腔积血的清除,可减轻血性脑脊液对脑膜的持续刺激,防止脑血管痉挛的发生,减轻了患者的临床症状,降低颅内压;在引流出非正常脑脊液的同时,促进了正常脑脊液的分泌和循环,起到不断冲洗和稀释的作用,减少了远期脑积水的发生,相应也减少了应用脱水剂带来的电解质紊乱和肾功能损害等一系列不良反应,改善大脑、脑干功能,减少脑损伤[7]。
本组资料结果显示:观察组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血6例,发生脑积水7例,发生脑梗死6例;对照组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血13例,发生脑积水16例,发生脑梗死12例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组随访6个月,对照组良好22例,中残9例,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡10例;观察组良好30例,中残7例,重残3例,植物生存3例,死亡7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。由此可见,持续腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效显著,值得推广。
参考文献
1 Zimmermann M,Seifert V.Endothelin and subarachnoid hemorrhage:an overview[J].Neurosurgery,1998,43:843-844.
2 蔡政云,袁贤瑞,姜维喜.持续腰大池脑脊液引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的疗效观察[J].中国医学工程,2012,14(1):42.
3 Hosoda K,Fujita S,Kawaguchi T,et al.Effect of clot removal and sur-gical manipulation on regional cerebral blood flow and delayed va-sospasm in early aneurysm surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage[J].Surg Neurol,2009,51:81-83.
4 徐东,王凤焰.蛛网膜下腔出血继发脑积水[J].山东医药,2012,42(1):52-53.
5 Kim I,Leinweber BD,Morgalla M,et al.Thin and thick filament regula-tion of contractility in experimental cerebral vasospasm[J].Neurosurgery,2000,46:440-447.
6 Ullman JS,Bederson JB.Hypertemsive,hypervolemic,hemodilutional therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,Is it efficacious Yes[J].Crate Clin,1996,12(3):697-699.
7 单光明,张剑宁,宋少军.重度创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血54例临床分析[J].中国厂矿医学,2011,17(3):185.
关键词 腰大池引流 创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血 腰椎穿刺
Abstract Objective:To study the effect of continuous lumbar cistern drainage in treatment of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods:We selected 100 cases of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients from 2010 June to 2013 June.These patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases in each.The control group adopted discontinuous lumbar puncture to exchange cerebrospinal fluid with physiological saline.The observation group adopted continuous lumbar cistern drainage.Results:The observation group occurred again subarachnoid hemorrhage in 6 patients, hydrocephalus in 7 cases and cerebral infarction in 6 cases.The control group occurred again subarachnoid hemorrhage in 13 patients,hydrocephalus in 16 cases and cerebral infarction in 12 cases.The difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05).Follow up of 6 months,The control group patients had good effect 22 cases,moderate disability 9 cases,severe disability 5 cases,vegetative patient 4 cases and death 10 cases.The observation group patients had good effect 30 cases,moderate disability 7 cases,severe disability 3 cases,vegetative patient 3 cases and death 7 cases.The difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of continuous lumbar cistern drainage in the treatment of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is remarkable and is is worth spreading.
Key words Lumbar cistern drainage;Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage;Lumbar puncture
创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(TSA)临床上比较常见[1],是导致脑损伤后加重继发脑损伤的主要因素[2],及时正确的治疗对预后有着重要的意义。近年来,采用持续腰大池引流治疗取得了较好的临床效果,现报告如下。
资料与方法
2010年6月-2013年6月收治创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者100例,均经头颅CT确诊,其中男64例(64.0%),女36例(36.0%),男女之比1.78:1,年龄19~81岁,平均47.1岁。致伤因素:交通事故伤36例,坠落伤30例,击打伤24例,其他10例。其中重度出血74例,中度出血26例。随机分成对照组和观察组各50例,两组在年龄、性别、出血量等方面差异无统计学意义。
方法:对照组采取间断腰椎穿刺生理盐水置换脑脊液。观察组采取持续腰大池引流治疗,在局麻下选择L3~4椎间进行穿刺[3,4],穿刺成功后向头侧蛛网膜下腔置入麻醉导管深度3~6cm,导管尾端通过有调节阀门的引流管与无菌引流袋相接,控制引流的速度3~5滴/分,引流量150~400ml/24小时。持续引流至引流液清亮,颅内压连续2次监测正常;脑脊液检查蛋白:TP<0.8g/L,RBC<100×106/L,停止腰大池引流治疗。同时静脉微量泵入尼莫地平10mg/日,连续应用10天,临床症状稳定后改为尼莫地平片剂20mg口服,3次/日,共10天。
结 果
两组蛛网膜下腔再出血、脑积水、脑梗死比较:观察组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血6例,发生脑积水7例,发生脑梗死6例;对照组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血13例,发生脑积水16例,发生脑梗死12例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。 两组临床疗效比较:两组随访6个月,对照组良好22例,中残9例,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡10例;观察组良好30例,中残7例,重残3例,植物生存3例,死亡7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
讨 论
创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血可加重继发脑损伤,出现再出血、脑积水、脑血管痉挛、脑梗死,对颅脑损伤预后造成直接影响,导致病死率及致残率增加[5,6]。蛛网膜下腔出血后使得钙离子通道开放,钙离子大量流入神经细胞内,形成严重的钙超载,导致脑细胞凋亡,加重血管源性渗出,血脑屏障通透性增加,使疾病加重。
持续腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血可以早期迅速释放血性脑脊液,在生理压力下持续外引流,可以将蛛网膜下腔的血性脑脊液充分引流出来,显著减少血性刺激物,加速蛛网膜下腔积血的清除,可减轻血性脑脊液对脑膜的持续刺激,防止脑血管痉挛的发生,减轻了患者的临床症状,降低颅内压;在引流出非正常脑脊液的同时,促进了正常脑脊液的分泌和循环,起到不断冲洗和稀释的作用,减少了远期脑积水的发生,相应也减少了应用脱水剂带来的电解质紊乱和肾功能损害等一系列不良反应,改善大脑、脑干功能,减少脑损伤[7]。
本组资料结果显示:观察组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血6例,发生脑积水7例,发生脑梗死6例;对照组发生蛛网膜下腔再出血13例,发生脑积水16例,发生脑梗死12例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组随访6个月,对照组良好22例,中残9例,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡10例;观察组良好30例,中残7例,重残3例,植物生存3例,死亡7例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。由此可见,持续腰大池引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效显著,值得推广。
参考文献
1 Zimmermann M,Seifert V.Endothelin and subarachnoid hemorrhage:an overview[J].Neurosurgery,1998,43:843-844.
2 蔡政云,袁贤瑞,姜维喜.持续腰大池脑脊液引流治疗创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的疗效观察[J].中国医学工程,2012,14(1):42.
3 Hosoda K,Fujita S,Kawaguchi T,et al.Effect of clot removal and sur-gical manipulation on regional cerebral blood flow and delayed va-sospasm in early aneurysm surgery for subarachnoid hemorrhage[J].Surg Neurol,2009,51:81-83.
4 徐东,王凤焰.蛛网膜下腔出血继发脑积水[J].山东医药,2012,42(1):52-53.
5 Kim I,Leinweber BD,Morgalla M,et al.Thin and thick filament regula-tion of contractility in experimental cerebral vasospasm[J].Neurosurgery,2000,46:440-447.
6 Ullman JS,Bederson JB.Hypertemsive,hypervolemic,hemodilutional therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,Is it efficacious Yes[J].Crate Clin,1996,12(3):697-699.
7 单光明,张剑宁,宋少军.重度创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血54例临床分析[J].中国厂矿医学,2011,17(3):185.