余冥顽不灵而思古人,臆将山水画之次第粗分四等,曰笔墨,曰丘壑,曰景致,曰境界。今日山水画,或有笔墨而无丘壑,或有丘壑而无景致,或有景致而无境界,凡此种种,其间错综,似难究诘。要之,境界从人格中来,不俟外求;景致赖有美感而成,要经过胸中裁剪;丘壑为造化之象,多从经历中来;笔墨是手段,须积学而后成。境界在高处,亦为山水画之根本,即陶铸人格。而宾虹先贤以笔墨积学为 I Yu stubborn and think of the ancients, the design of landscape painting will be divided into fourth grade, said ink, said Qiu He, said landscape, said state. Today landscape paintings, or pen and ink without gullies, or Qiu He without landscapes, or scenery without a realm, all these kinds of interwoven, may be difficult to study. In the meantime, the realm comes from the personality and does not seek extravagance; the scenery relies on the aesthetic feeling and is cut through the chest; the image of the Qiu He is the image of the good fortune, and the more it comes from the experience; Realm at a height, but also the essence of landscape painting, Taozhuo personality. And Bin Hong scholar to pen and plot plot as