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随着保护性耕作的不断发展,实际作业中对旋耕刀性能要求愈发严格,该文在国标旋耕刀基础上,将正、侧切削刃上设计成锯齿状,然后考察实际作业过程中功耗、受力以及作业质量,检测仿鼹鼠足趾排列的旋耕-秸秆粉碎锯齿刀片的田间作业功耗和作业质量。针对该锯齿刀片和国标旋耕刀片在有秸秆颗粒和无秸秆颗粒下进行仿真分析,对比可知:在有秸秆颗粒下,由于刀具要与秸秆接触并发生挤压和剪切作用,从而导致受力以及扭矩值较大。结合理论分析,利用扭矩传感器对仿生锯齿刀和国标旋耕刀进行田间试验。根据0.5 m×0.5 m地表设置不同质量秸秆,分别为0、0.375和0.75 kg(0%、50%、100%),测定拖拉机输出扭矩以及功耗,并依照国标测试方法测定作业质量。田间试验得到扭矩与仿真变化趋势一致。当地表无秸秆和地表含50%秸秆时,锯齿刀片扭矩分别为404.05和438.33 N·m;国标旋耕刀片上扭矩分别为389.27和443.79 N·m。当地表秸秆质量分数为100%时,锯齿刀和国标旋耕刀片上扭矩分别为557.92和507.34 N·m。耕作后地表秸秆和土壤评价结果显示:不同质量含量秸秆覆盖下,仿生锯齿刀耕作后的秸秆掩埋率、土壤破碎率、长度≤15 cm秸秆比例等方面都优于国标旋耕刀。田间试验和仿真结果都显示当地表覆盖秸秆量为0%和100%时,仿生锯齿刀的扭矩高于国标旋耕刀。虽然仿生锯齿刀只在秸秆覆盖量为50%时扭矩与功耗优于国标旋耕刀,但在3种秸秆覆盖量下仿生锯齿刀的耕后地表质量都明显优于国标旋耕刀。综上考虑,在实际作业中,可适当收集田间秸秆。该研究为实现只应用一种刀片来完成旋耕和秸秆粉碎2种不同作业目标提供了参考。
With the continuous development of conservation tillage, the performance requirements of rotary cutter in actual operation are more and more strict. Based on the national standard rotary cutter, the paper designs the positive and side cutting edges into jaggies, and then examines the actual operation process Power consumption, force and quality of operation, testing the mole mole arrangement of rotary tillage - straw grinding serrated blade field operation power consumption and quality of operation. For the serrated blade and the national standard rotary tillage blade in the straw particles and straw-free particles under the simulation analysis, the comparison shows that: in the straw particles, due to contact with the straw cutter and the occurrence of extrusion and shear, resulting in stress And the torque value is larger. Combining with theoretical analysis, field test was carried out on bionic serrated knives and national standard rotary cultivators using torque sensor. According to the 0.5 m × 0.5 m surface, different quality straws were set at 0,0.375 and 0.75 kg (0%, 50% and 100%, respectively). The output torque and power consumption of the tractor were measured and the operation quality was measured according to GB test method. The torque obtained in field trials is consistent with the trend of simulation. When the local table has no straw and the surface contains 50% straw, the serrated blade torque is 404.05 and 438.33 N · m, respectively. The torque of the national standard rotary blade is 389.27 and 443.79 N · m, respectively. When the local straw content was 100%, the torques on saw blade and GB blade were 557.92 and 507.34 N · m, respectively. The results of surface straw and soil evaluation after tillage showed that straw bury rate, soil breaking rate, length ≤15 cm straw proportion and so on were all better than those of national standard rotary tillage cutter under different quality straw mulch. Field experiments and simulation results show that when the local table covers the amount of straw is 0% and 100%, the torque of the bionic serrated cutter is higher than that of the national standard rotary cutter. Although the bionic sawtooth cutter has better torque and power consumption than the national standard rotary trowel only when the amount of straw mulching is 50%, the ground surface quality of the bionic sawtooth cutter after the three kinds of straw mulching is significantly better than that of the national standard rotary trowel. To sum up, in the actual operation, may be appropriate to collect field straw. This study provides a reference for achieving the goal of using only one kind of blade to accomplish two different operations of rotary milling and straw pulverization.