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采用裂区设计,研究不同砧穗组合对嫁接番茄植株生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合特性以及叶片氮同化相关物质、关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,砧木显著影响番茄接穗地上部干物质量,接穗亦显著影响砧木根系干物质量、根系总长度、根系总面积、根尖数和根系活力,砧木与接穗之间交互作用显著,强壮根系砧木与长势强接穗嫁接组合植株长势较强,产量较高。砧木的长势可显著影响番茄叶片叶绿素含量和光合特性,其中强壮砧木‘MIDAKO’的所有嫁接组合的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和PSII反应中心的实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))均较高,而长势较弱砧木嫁接组合均较低,不同长势接穗也显著调控砧木嫁接后植株叶片光合能力,定植后100 d时,‘戴维斯/ANTA-T’组合的叶片P_n、F_v/F_m和Φ_(PSII)显著低于其接穗自根嫁接苗,‘罗拉/ANTA-T’却显著高于其接穗自根嫁接苗。同时也表明,不同砧、穗组合显著影响嫁接番茄植株叶片氮同化相关物质和同化关键酶的活性,在生长后期表现尤为明显。所有嫁接组合中,强壮砧木与长势强接穗嫁接后,植株叶片的氮含量、游离氨基酸含量较高,叶片硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶的活性也表现较高,而长势弱的砧木和接穗嫁接组合表现较差。可见,砧木和接穗的长势均显著影响嫁接番茄叶片碳和氮的同化能力,最终共同作用于嫁接植株生长发育。
The split design was used to study the effects of different combinations of scion on grafted tomato plant growth, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf nitrogen assimilation related substances and key enzyme activity. The results showed that rootstock significantly affected the dry matter mass of tomato scion. The scion also significantly influenced rootstock dry matter weight, total root length, total root area, root tip number and root activity, significant interaction between rootstock and scion, strong rootstock and Growing scion combination of grafted plants growing stronger, higher yield. The growth of rootstock could significantly affect the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato leaves. The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v / F_m) and the actual photochemistry of PSII reaction center of all the strong rootstock ’MIDAKO’ (Φ_ (PSII)) were higher than that of the control. However, the rootstocks with weaker growth were lower in grafting, and the scion with different growth vigor significantly regulated the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves after grafting. At 100 days after planting, the ’Davis / ANTA-T ’P_n, F_v / F_m and Φ_ (PSII) of the combination were significantly lower than those of the scion self-rooted grafted seedlings, while that of’ Rolla / ANTA-T ’was significantly higher than that of the self-rooted grafted seedlings. At the same time, it also showed that the combination of different anvil and ear significantly affected the activities of nitrogen assimilation related substances and assimilation key enzymes in grafted tomato plants, especially in late growth stage. In all the grafting combinations, the vigor of leaves and the strong rootstocks after grafting were higher than those of the other plants. The contents of nitrogen and free amino acids were higher in plant leaves, and the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in leaves were also higher Growing stock and grafted scion combinations performed poorly. It can be seen that the growth of rootstocks and scion significantly affected the assimilation ability of carbon and nitrogen in grafted tomato leaves and eventually played a role in the growth and development of grafted plants.