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为充分利用新疆核桃种质资源,选育坚果综合品质优良的核桃品种,采用常规观测法、索氏抽提法、气相色谱法、凯氏定氮法和HPLC法,对8个新疆核桃优株坚果的16个外在品质指标和37个内在品质指标的变异情况及坚果综合品质进行了研究。结果表明:8个核桃优株坚果单果重、出仁率、坚果三径均值分别为14.73g、51.67%和3.95cm,脂肪、蛋白质含量均值分别为68.70%和13.66%,蛋白质中氨基酸总量(TAA)、人体必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均值分别为10.81g/100g和3.11g/100g,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量均值分别为20.19%和71.25%,坚果外在品质中描述型性状和数值型性状变异系数分别为26.76%和14.34%,内在品质变异系数平均为19.84%。8个新疆核桃优株坚果品质变异比较丰富。主成分分析结果表明各优株坚果品质综合评价指数由高到低的顺序为:30号>31号>13号>61号>33号>36号>48号>21号,可根据各优株不同的坚果品质特征开发出不同的核桃坚果产品。
In order to make full use of Xinjiang walnut germplasm resources, breeding walnut varieties with high quality and comprehensive quality, using the conventional observation method, Soxhlet extraction method, gas chromatography, Kjeldahl method and HPLC method, 16 external quality indicators of nuts and 37 internal quality indicators of variation and the comprehensive quality of nuts were studied. The results showed that the mean values of single kernel weight, kernel yield and nut diameter of the eight walnut superior strains were 14.73g, 51.67% and 3.95cm respectively, the average contents of fat and protein were 68.70% and 13.66% respectively. The total amino acids TAA and EAA were 10.81g / 100g and 3.11g / 100g respectively, mean values of MUFA and PUFA were 20.19% and 71.25% The coefficients of variation of descriptive traits and numerical traits in quality were 26.76% and 14.34% respectively, and the average coefficient of variation of intrinsic quality was 19.84%. The quality of eight Xinjiang walnut superior strains of nuts is quite rich. The results of principal component analysis showed that the order of the comprehensive evaluation of nut quality of all superior plants was from high to low: No.3> No.31> No.13> No.61> No.33> No.36> No.48> No.21, Different nut quality characteristics developed different walnut nut products.