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目的了解中老年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(HIV/AIDS病人)确诊前的高危行为状况,确诊后的高危行为变化情况及其影响因素。方法使用自制的调查问卷,在调查对象知情同意的原则下进行面对面、一对一的问卷调查。结果共调查≥50岁的HIV/AIDS病人443例,其中男性308例,女性135例。确诊前,调查对象发生过商业性行为、临时性行为的比例,分别为56.2%和27.1%。确诊后,调查对象发生商业性行为、临时性行为的比例,分别为4.5%和4.1%,均较确诊前降低。确诊前一年,调查对象发生商业性行为、临时性行为时每次都用安全套的比例,分别只有0.7%、3.8%;确诊后最近一年发生商业性行为、临时性行为时每次都用安全套的比例,分别为40.0%、30.0%,均较确诊前上升。多因素分析结果显示,男性、确诊前无固定性伴的调查对象,在确诊前发生非固定性行为的可能性较大,其OR值分别为28.180和7.564。结论高危性行为是中老年人感染艾滋病的主要危险因素。应加强对中老年人群艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育,提高安全套的使用率,从根本上控制艾滋病在中老年人群中的流行态势。
Objective To understand the high-risk behaviors of HIV / AIDS patients (HIV / AIDS patients) before and after diagnosis, the changes of high-risk behaviors and their influencing factors after diagnosis. Methods Using self-made questionnaires, face-to-face and one-on-one questionnaires were conducted under the principle of informed consent of the respondents. Results A total of 443 HIV / AIDS patients aged 50 and over were investigated, including 308 males and 135 females. Before the diagnosis, there were 56.2% and 27.1% of commercial and interim behaviors, respectively. After the diagnosis, the proportion of the commercial sex and temporary behavior of the respondents were 4.5% and 4.1% respectively, all lower than before the diagnosis. In the year prior to the diagnosis, the proportion of the respondents who engaged in commercial sex activities during the interim period was only 0.7% and 3.8% respectively. The commercial sex occurred in the most recent year after the diagnosis, and each time the temporary behavior was used The proportions of condoms were 40.0% and 30.0% respectively, all higher than before the diagnosis. Multivariate analysis showed that men, pre-diagnosis without fixed partners in the survey before the diagnosis of uncorrected sexual behavior is more likely, the OR values were 28.180 and 7.564. Conclusions High-risk sexual behaviors are the main risk factors for HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people. We should step up publicity and education on HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment among middle-aged and elderly people, increase the rate of condom use, and fundamentally control the HIV / AIDS epidemic in the middle-aged and elderly population.