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多年来引起普遍关注和诸多争议的“三来一补”转型问题,实质上是一个关于深圳工业发展出路问题的争论,是一个关于有无可能及以什么样的途径参与更高层次的国际国内分工,把深圳的社会经济发展放到一个更坚实的产业基础之上的问题.近来,我们在深圳市龙岗区对“三来一补”转型问题进行了调查研究,现报告如下。 一、龙岗区“三来一补”企业发展的现状 1、“三来一补”是龙岗区现有产业的主体.1992年,全区有“三来一补”企业3000多家,厂内就业人数达31.5万人,占全区就业人数的57.5％;工缴费收入总值达2亿美元,折合人民币约17亿元,占全区国民收入总值的76％;外汇额度除上缴中央、市两级6000万美元外,区、镇（企业）各留成7000万美元,占本区创汇总值的35％。区级留7000万美元额度按市场调剂价折算,约合2.1亿元人民币,相当于区财政收入的82.5％。 2、“三来一补”企业的产品结构逐步改善,技术档次逐步提高.“三来一补”产品的技术层次大都经历或正在经历由进口零件简单装配向成套生产转变;由单一品种向多功能、多品种转变;由简单劳动密集向技术资本相对密集转变的过程。“三来一补”企业的生产规模也在逐步扩大,较大规模的“三来一
The “three-to-one” transformation problem that has caused widespread concern and many controversies over the years is in essence a debate on the way out of Shenzhen’s industrial development. It is a question about whether it is possible and how to participate in higher levels of international and domestic affairs. Division of labor, the issue of putting Shenzhen’s social and economic development on a more solid industrial foundation. Recently, we conducted a survey and research on the transformation of “three to one supplements” in Longgang District, Shenzhen. The present report is as follows. I. The status quo of the development of “Three Supplements and One Supplement” in Longgang District 1. “Three to one supplement” is the main body of the existing industry in Longgang District. In 1992, there were more than 3,000 companies in the region with “three to one supplement”. The number of employed people reached 315,000, which accounted for 57.5% of the total employment in the region; the total value of the industry’s contribution revenue reached 200 million U.S. dollars, equivalent to 1.7 billion yuan, accounting for 76% of the total national income of the region; Of the two municipalities with 60 million U.S. dollars, the districts and towns (companies) have each left 70 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 35% of the total value of the district. The remaining 70 million U.S. dollars in the district-level budget is converted to a market adjustment price of about RMB 210 million, equivalent to 82.5% of the district’s fiscal revenue. 2. The product structure of “three years and one supplement” has gradually improved, and the technical level has been gradually improved. The technical level of “three to one supplement” products has experienced or is undergoing a transition from simple assembly of imported parts to complete sets of production; Functional, multi-variety change; the process of shifting from simple labor-intensive to relatively technical capital. The production scale of the “three years and one supplement” is gradually expanding, and the larger-scale “three to one”