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目的探讨胎盘组织中胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ（ＩＧＦⅠ）定位，评估ＩＧＦⅠ在胎儿生长发育中的作用。方法用免疫组化法对妊娠胎盘组织中ＩＧＦⅠ细胞进行定位，并采用计算机医学图像分析系统，检测小于胎龄儿（ＳＧＡ）组２２例，适于胎龄儿（ＡＧＡ）组２５例及大于胎龄儿（ＬＧＡ）组２５例的ＩＧＦⅠ，并进行定量分析。用ｔ检验法进行各组间均数检验。结果（１）胎盘ＩＧＦⅠ主要位于绒毛小叶的合体滋养细胞及细胞滋养细胞。此外，也存在于Ｈｏｆｂａｕｅｒ细胞及平滑绒毛层，但染色较以上两种细胞明显减弱，胎膜的羊膜细胞及蜕膜细胞偶尔可见阳性，而绒毛小叶蜕膜细胞则未见阳性着色。（２）与ＡＧＡ组比较，ＳＧＡ组胎盘ＩＧＦⅠ的相对面积及平均吸光度均显著降低（ｔ＝４．６５，Ｐ＜０．００１、ｔ＝２．１５，Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＬＧＡ组胎盘ＩＧＦⅠ的相对面积及平均吸光度均显著升高（ｔ＝８．７２，Ｐ＜０．００１；ｔ＝７．８２，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论胎盘组织中ＩＧＦⅠ主要定位于胎盘小叶的合体滋养细胞、细胞滋养细胞；胎盘组织合成和分泌ＩＧＦⅠ的多少，与发生ＬＧＡ及ＳＧＡ有关。
Objective To investigate the location of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) in placenta and evaluate the role of IGF-Ⅰ in fetal growth and development. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to locate IGFⅠcells in placenta of pregnant women. Twenty-two cases of SGA group and 25 cases of AGA group were detected by computerized medical image analysis system. Greater than gestational age (LGA) group 25 cases of IGF Ⅰ, and quantitative analysis. T test was used to test the mean between groups. Results (1) Placental IGF Ⅰ is mainly located in villous lobule syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast. In addition, there are also in Hofbauer cells and smooth villi, but the staining was significantly weaker than the above two kinds of cells, fetal membranes and decidual cells of amniotic cells can be seen occasionally positive, and villous leaf decidual cells were not positive staining. (2) Compared with AGA group, the relative area and average absorbance of IGFⅠ in placenta of SGA group were significantly lower (t = 4.65, P <0.001, t = 2.15, P <0.05) The relative area and mean absorbance of placental IGFⅠ in LGA group were significantly increased (t = 8.72, P <0.001; t = 7.82, P <0.001). Conclusion placental IGF Ⅰ is mainly located in the placental lobule syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast; placenta tissue synthesis and secretion of IGF Ⅰ how much, and the occurrence of LGA and SGA-related.