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目的:探讨炎症因子在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)—相关肝细胞癌(HCC)患者行微波消融术(MWA)治疗后复发情况及临床意义。方法:选取2016年12月至2019年12月德州市人民医院感染科收治的92例行MWA治疗的HBV-HCC患者，男49例，女43例，年龄(60.25±3.51)岁，年龄范围为52～73岁。按照MWA治疗后是否复发分为复发组(n n＝28)与未复发组(n n＝64)。采用单因素及logistic多因素分析探讨临床指标及炎症因子与MWA治疗后复发的相关性。n 结果:复发组与未复发组年龄、性别、病灶数、巴塞罗那(BCLC)分期、白细胞介素-2水平、白细胞介素-6水平、白细胞介素-8水平、白细胞介素-10水平、白细胞介素-23水平、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平比较，差异均无统计学意义(n P>0.05)。复发组肿瘤直径>10 cm的患者所占比例[60.7%(17/28)]高于未复发组[32.8%(21/64)]，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05). The percentage of patients with tumor diameter >10 cm in the recurrence group was higher than that in the non-recurrence group [60.7%(17/28),n P<0.05]. The level of interleukin-17(IL-17)in the recurrence group [(1.25±0.42)pg/ml]was significantly higher than [(0.46±0.15)pg/ml]in the non-recurrence group, (n P10 cm were significant risk factors for recurrence of HCC after MWA therapy(n P10 cm can be used as high risk factors for recurrence of HBV-HCC after MWA treatment, which should be paid enough attention in clinical treatment.