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目的探讨我国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的发生特点,为制定职业性窒息性气体中毒的防制策略提供科学依据。方法对收集的1989至2003年的窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒资料进行描述性分析。结果(1)15年间全国共报告窒息性气体重大急性中毒事故273起,中毒患者1638例,死亡600人,分别占全国重大急性职业中毒总中毒起数、总中毒例数和总中毒死亡人数的53．95%、35．17%和78．64%,平均中毒年龄(33．8±9．7)岁,中毒死亡年龄(36．6±10．0)岁。(2)我国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的发生规律和特点为：时间主要分布在每年的4～9月；中毒物质主要集中在硫化氢、一氧化碳和二氧化碳等化学物；行业主要集中在化学、开采、水处理、造纸和食品酿造等工业；岗位主要集中在清洗、检修、生产、采矿和挖掘等岗位；中毒场所主要集中在密闭空间、地下室和矿井；中毒和死亡者多为男性。结论(1)我国窒息性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的危害更为严重。(2)应抓好硫化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等毒物的控制；规范挖掘、清洗、疏通、检修和采矿等岗位的作业；重视密闭空间作业的职业危害控制工作。
Objective To explore the occurrence characteristics of major acute occupational poisoning accidents caused by asphyxiant gases in our country and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational asphyxiation gas poisoning. Methods A descriptive analysis of collected data on major acute occupational poisoning of asphyxiant gases from 1989 to 2003 was conducted. Results (1) A total of 273 cases of major acute poisoning of asphyxiating gas were reported in the country over the past 15 years. There were 1,638 cases of poisoning and 600 deaths, accounting for the total number of poisonings, the total number of cases of poisoning and the total number of cases of poisoning, respectively 53.95%, 35.17% and 78.64% respectively. The mean age of poisoning was (33.8 ± 9.7) years and the age of poisoning was (36.6 ± 10.0) years old. (2) The occurrence regularity and characteristic of major acute occupational poisoning accidents of asphyxiating gas in our country are as follows: the time is mainly distributed from April to September each year; the poisonous substances are mainly concentrated in the chemical substances such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; the industries mainly concentrate on the chemical , Mining, water treatment, paper making and food brewing. The posts mainly focus on cleaning, overhauling, production, mining and excavation. The poisoning places are mainly concentrated in confined spaces, basements and mines. Most of them are male. Conclusions (1) The serious acute occupational poisoning accidents caused by asphyxiating gas in our country are more serious. (2) Grasp the control of poisonous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; standardize the jobs of excavating, cleaning, dredging, overhauling and mining; attach importance to occupational hazards control in confined space operations.