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目的了解沈阳市3~6岁儿童出生体重、早期喂养方式对目前体格发育的影响。方法 2011年在沈阳市选取3所幼儿园,对其全体3~6岁儿童进行身高体重测量,并发放调查问卷由家长回顾和填写儿童出生体重及喂养方式情况。结果巨大儿和低出生体重儿的比例分别为11.4%和3.5%。4~6月内婴儿母乳喂养率为47.5%,母乳喂养的男婴3~6岁时身高明显高于人工和混合喂养的儿童(P<0.05),但人工喂养的男婴3~6岁时体重明显高于母乳喂养和混合喂养的儿童(P<0.05)。早期喂养方式对3~6岁女童体格发育没有明显影响(P>0.05)。巨大儿3~6岁时体格发育明显高于出生体重正常儿童(P<0.05)。结论沈阳市巨大儿检出率较高,婴儿母乳喂养率较低,4~6月辅食添加时间及食物种类存在问题较多,人工喂养和巨大儿可能是引起儿童时期体重增加的原因之一,尤其早期喂养方式对男婴体格发育影响更大。
Objective To understand the impact of birth weight and early feeding mode on physical development in 3-6-year-old children in Shenyang City. Methods In 2011, 3 kindergartens were selected in Shenyang City to measure the height and weight of all 3 ~ 6 year old children. Questionnaires were distributed to parents for review and to fill in the children ’s birth weight and feeding patterns. Results The proportions of giant children and low birth weight children were 11.4% and 3.5% respectively. From April to June, the rate of infants breastfeeding was 47.5%. The breast-fed infants were significantly taller than those of artificial and mixed-fed infants at 3 to 6 years old (P <0.05), but the artificial infants were 3-6 years old Significantly higher body weight than breastfeeding and mixed feeding children (P <0.05). Early feeding did not affect the physical development of 3-6 years old girls (P> 0.05). The physical development of giant children aged 3 ~ 6 was significantly higher than that of normal birth weight children (P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of huge children in Shenyang is relatively high, the rate of breastfeeding in infants is low, there are more problems in feeding time and food types in April to June, and artificial feeding and huge children may be one of the causes of weight gain in childhood. In particular, early feeding patterns have more impact on baby boy physical development.