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针对传统及现有水生态足迹理论及其模型存在的缺陷与不足,本文提出了基于生态系统供给及净化服务功能的贵州省水生态占用概念与模型,将其划分为生物生产和非生物生产的水生态占用两部分,建立水产品、水资源、水环境3类账户,并在此基础上以2000—2014年的贵州省为例进行计算分析,结果表明:(1)水产品账户中,贵州省水产品消费的水生态占用总体呈上升趋势,水生态承载力波动变化较小,水产品消费呈生态赤字状态,且其生态压力较大;(2)水资源账户中,贵州省淡水资源的水生态占用整体呈逐渐上升趋势,水生态承载力则呈明显波动的趋势,且变化幅度较大,淡水资源消费处于生态盈余状态,且其与水生态承载力的变化态势一致,淡水资源消费的生态压力较小;(3)水环境账户中,水环境生态压力主要来源于氮污染,2000—2010年消纳污染的水生态占用变化不大,2011—2014年波动较大,历年生活水污染账户值均大于工业,今后要注重加强生活水污染防治,消纳污染的水生态承载力呈波动变化的趋势,水环境处于生态赤字状态,且其生态压力较高;(4)与现有生态足迹模型的比较分析可知:该模型核算更为全面;不考虑均衡因子,并以最大水生态压力指数来评价区域水生态系统所承受的压力状态具有合理性,更能准确反映贵州水生态的实际情况和水生态文明建设的需要.
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of traditional and existing aquatic ecological footprint theory and its model, this paper proposes the concept and model of aquatic ecological occupancy in Guizhou Province based on ecosystem supply and purification service functions, which is divided into biological production and non-biological production Aquatic ecosystem occupies two parts, the establishment of aquatic products, water resources, water environment three types of accounts, and on this basis, 2000-2014 in Guizhou Province as an example for calculation and analysis, the results showed that: (1) aquatic products accounts, Guizhou The aquatic ecological consumption of provincial aquatic products consumption is generally on the rise, the variation of ecological carrying capacity of aquatic products is small, the consumption of aquatic products is in an ecological deficit state, and the ecological pressure is relatively high. (2) Of the water resources accounts, the freshwater resources in Guizhou The water ecological occupancy is gradually increasing and the water ecological carrying capacity is obviously fluctuating, and the variation range is large. The consumption of fresh water resources is in the state of ecological surplus, and its change trend with the ecological carrying capacity is consistent. The consumption of fresh water resources (3) In the water environment accounts, the ecological pressure of water environment mainly comes from nitrogen pollution, and the change of occupancy of aquatic ecosystems from 2000 to 2010 has little change. From 2011 to 2014 The annual fluctuation of water pollution account value is larger than that of industry. In the future, we should pay attention to strengthening the prevention and control of domestic water pollution, and the trend of fluctuating ecological carrying capacity of polluting aquatic ecosystems. The water environment is in an ecological deficit condition and the ecological pressure is more (4) Compared with the existing ecological footprint model, it can be concluded that the model is more comprehensive, accounting for the pressure status of regional aquatic ecosystems is reasonable without considering the equilibrium factor and the maximum aquatic ecological pressure index, It can accurately reflect the actual conditions of aquatic ecology in Guizhou and the need of ecological civilization construction.