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空间碎片相对于在轨航天器具有10 km/s左右的平均撞击速度,且处于低轨道90%数量的空间碎片密度属于中低密度材料,针对空间碎片撞击速度及材料密度的特点,采用电炮、磁驱动超高速飞片发射技术,开展了14 km/s速度低密度材料(Mylar)和近9 km/s速度中密度材料(2A12铝)超高速撞击单/双层铝防护结构的实验研究,得到了低密度材料飞片对2A12铝单/双层防护结构撞击损伤实验结果,以及中密度材料飞片超高速撞击形成碎片云对舱壁的损伤结果。结果分析表明:14 km/s速度的低密度材料飞片撞击2A12铝材料形成的碎片云中无熔化成分,而近9 km/s速度的中密度材料飞片撞击形成的碎片云以液态、甚至是气态为主;与单层防护结构相比,双层防护结构对14 km/s的低密度材料飞片有着更好的防护效果。
Space debris relative to on-orbit spacecraft with an average impact velocity of about 10 km / s, and in the low orbit 90% of the number of space debris density is low-density materials, space debris impact velocity and material density characteristics, the use of electric guns , Magnetic-driven super-fast fly-off technology and experimental research on ultra-high-speed impact single / double aluminum protective structure with 14 km / s Mylar and nearly 9 km / s medium density material (2A12 aluminum) , The impact damage test results of 2A12 aluminum single / double layer protective structure by low density material flyer and the damage of bulkhead caused by the debris cloud formed by ultra high speed impact of medium density material were obtained. The results show that the debris cloud formed by low density material flying at 14 km / s impinging on 2A12 aluminum material has no melting component, while the debris cloud formed by the impact of medium density material fly at a density of nearly 9 km / s is liquid, Is gas-dominated; the double-decked structure provides better protection against 14 km / s low-density material flyer than single-layer guarded structure.