一前言人造卫星围绕地球运转,由于地球是一个扁球体,并且还受到大气阻力等因素的影响,它的轨道时刻都住变化着。精确地测量卫星的轨道和轨道的变化就是一个很重要的课题。采用激光对卫星进行测距,其特点是能大大提高测量精度,一般情况下,对于一千公里的距离取得几米或者一米的精度是不困难的。如果对影响测距精度的因素(如:光在空气中的传播速度、光的绝对速度、大气折射、地球曲率以及当地的气候条件等)进行修正,则可 I. INTRODUCTION The satellite is orbiting the Earth. Due to the Earth being a flat sphere and subject to atmospheric resistance and other factors, its orbit changes at all times. Accurately measuring satellite orbit and orbit changes is a very important issue. Laser ranging of satellites, which is characterized by greatly improved measurement accuracy, under normal circumstances, for a distance of a thousand kilometers to obtain a few meters or one meter accuracy is not difficult. If the factors that affect the accuracy of ranging (such as light propagation speed in air, absolute speed of light, atmospheric refraction, curvature of the earth and local climatic conditions, etc.) are corrected, then