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高明的中医,通过切脉、看舌苔,可以确诊病情;有经验的结构工程师,考察裂缝,可以判断房屋的毛病出在哪里。有的裂缝表明房屋隐患严重,有的却无损大局。分析裂缝,需要具备较丰富的知识和经验。这里只简单谈谈砖混结构房屋裂缝特征的一些常识。如果长条形墙壁的中间部分,从墙脚到窗台出现水平裂缝或斜裂缝(它们常与垂直裂缝衔接),缝口是下宽上窄,裂缝开始出现的速度很快。这说明房屋中部的地基软弱层较厚,沉陷较大,造成整个地基沉降不均匀,使房屋墙身向下弯曲。如果裂缝的缝口是上宽下窄,说明房屋两端的沉陷比中部为大。
The bright Chinese medicine can diagnose the illness by cutting the veins and looking at the tongue coating. Experienced structural engineers can examine the cracks to determine where the housing problems are. Some cracks indicate that the housing is in serious danger, while others are not destructive. Analysing cracks requires more knowledge and experience. Here just to talk about some common sense of cracks in brick-concrete structures. If the middle part of the long strip wall, there are horizontal cracks or oblique cracks from the foot of the wall to the window sill (they often connect with vertical cracks), the seam is narrow and wide at the bottom, cracks begin to appear quickly. This shows that the soft foundation layer in the middle of the house is thicker and sinks more, resulting in uneven settlement of the whole foundation and bending down the walls of the house. If the slit is narrow at the top and width, it means that the sinking at both ends of the house is larger than the middle.