The interest in heavy ion radiotherapy is currently increasing worldwide. Compared with photons,heavy ions exhibit an inverted deep-dose profile(Bragg peak)and increased relative biological effectiveness(RBE)towards the Bragg peak. Late effect,characterized by producing cell death,inheritable genomic instability,increasing radiosensitivity in later generations of the irradiated cells,is one of the side effects in cancer radiotherapy. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms i Compared with photons, the heavy ions exhibit an inverted deep-dose profile (Bragg peak) and increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) towards the Bragg peak. Late effect, characterized by producing cell death, inheritable genomic instability, increasing radiosensitivity in later generations of the irradiated cells, is one of the side effects in cancer radiotherapy. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms i